English-only subset of about 9,800 medical Keywords & Phrases excerpted from the Multilingual Biomedical-Technical Dictionary/Thesaurus by André Fairchild, translator & terminologist the list below is a large subset of about 20% selected at random from (an older version of) the large database (now over 37,900 terms!) from the big Multilingual Biomedical-Technical Dictionary/Thesaurus).


There is also a larger, newer (February 2009) 8-language sample (subset) online at

All text formatting and column formatting have been removed from the English-only list below.

See http://www.interfold.com/translator/medsites.htm

1,2-diaminohexane; 1,6-diaminohexane

AB serum

abacterial; nonbacterial

abacterial desquamative pneumonia

abandoned child

fear of abandonment

abandoning the family

abarticular gout; podagra

abasitasia

abatement; alleviation; solace; relief

abberant mammary glands; supernumerary mammary glands

abbreviations; acronyms

abciximab; RePro: a monoclonal antibody that reduces cardiac ischemia

abdomen; gut; belly

abdominal aneurysm

abdominal cavity

abdominal distension

abdominal paracentesis: paracentesis of the belly to remove fluid; abdominal puncture

absolute bioavailability

swollen abdomen; swollen belly

abdominal abscess; peritoneal abscess

abdominal cancer; abdominal neoplasm

abdominal discomfort

abdominal distension

abdominal incision; surgical opening of the abdominal cavity

abdominal injuries

abdominal neoplasm

abdominal retractor

abdominal syndrome

abdominal tension; abdominal rigidity; rigidity of the abdominal wall

abdominocentesis; abdominal paracentesis: paracentesis of the belly to remove fluid

abductive reasoning

abductor muscles

aberrant metaphase

aberration; abnormality, anomaly; deviation

ability to work; work capacity

abiotic control; suppression using abiotic means

abiotrophy; hypotrophy: premature loss of a cell's ability to function

ablation; extirpation; the removal of an organ by surgery

ablation of the vitreous body; vitrectomy; removing the vitreous fluid from the eye & replacing it with saline solution

ablepharia: congenital absence of eyelids

abnormalities of the eye; ocular abnormalities

abnormal cells

abnormal hemoglobin

abnormal need to sleep; excessive somnolence; hypersomnia

abortion procedure; performing an abortion; inducing an abortion

above-knee amputee

abrachiocephalia

abscission; amputation; cutting something off; excision; ablation

absolute scotoma

absorbable implants

non-absorbable suture

absidia: a genus of zygomycetous fungi that may cause mycosis

cranial accessory nerve; eleventh cranial nerve: motor nerve that supplies the trapezius and sternomastoid muscles & the pharynx

academic freedom

acaricide: any chemical substance intended for killing mites, ticks and spiders

accessory pigment

accessory placenta; supernumerary placenta

accidental death

accomodative exophoria

accountability; responsibility

accretion

accurate; precise

ethyl acetate: a flammable solvent used in plastics, pharmaceuticals & perfumes

acentric chromosome

acentric chromosome fragment

acetone; a highly flammable liquid widely used as an organic solvent; the simplest ketone

acetoxyacetylaminofluorene

acetylation: the formation of an acetyl derivative

acetylserotonin N-methyltransferase; hydroxyindole O-methyltransferas

achromobacter

acid rain: rain containing acids that form when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere combine with water

acidotic dyspnea

acinus of liver; liver acinus; hepaton

acneiform eruptions

acromioplasty

acronine: an alkaloid antineoplastic agent

acrylate; a salt or ester of propenoic acid

actinide; actinoid: a radioactive element with atomic number 89 through 103

active moiety (of the molecule)

Adair-Dighton syndrome; Adair-Dighton disease

adhesiveness; stickiness

adenoacanthoma; adenoid squamous cell carcinoma

adenylation

adulterant: an adulterating substance

to adulterate

adulteration: being mixed with extraneous material; debasement;

advantages; benefits; features

adventitious agent

adverse event, setback

advisable; justifiable

aerasthenia, pilots' disease

aerophagy; swallowing air

afferent pathways

contagious agalactia (of cows)

agnosia: loss of the ability to recognize familiar objects or stimuli, often as a result of brain damage

aerogenous; transmitted by air; airborn;

affectivity; feeling tone

affordability of drugs

agraphia: the pathological loss of the ability to write

AIDS defining disease; aids-defining illness

airways resistance; airway resistance: the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction

alcoholic cardiomyopathy; beer drinker's heart

alcoholic senile dementia

aldrin: a highly poisonous substance once used as an insecticide

aleukemic leukemia; aleukemia

alimentary; digestion-related

alkylophosphonic acids; alkylphosphonic acids

allantoenteric diverticulum; allantois

allelic exclusion: a process whereby only one immunoglobulin light chain & one heavy chain gene are transcribed in any one cell

allergic alveolitis; interstitial pneumonitis

amines: a group of compounds derived from ammonia

anti-anaphylaxis

anatomopathological

antibody binding sites; paratopes

anorexia: the uncontrolled lack or loss of the appetite for food

antimutagens: synthetic or natural compounds capable of lowering the frequency and rate of mutations

atlanto-occipital luxation

attention span

auditory agnosia: the inability to recognize sounds or words, due to a lesion of the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe

aversion; disgust; repugnance; antipathy; abhorrence; revulsion

avian influenza; bird flu; fowl pest

awestruck; reverent; aghast

axial aneurysm

axillary glands

azalomycin

azobenzene

azotemia; kidney failure

basal skull fracture

bed occupancy rate; bed utilization

behavioral medicine

biological response modifiers; BRMs; biomodulators; compounds which modify or enhance an immune response

biological turnover; regeneration

bone marrow failure; bone marrow depression

bone substitutes; bone replacement materials

brachiocephalic veins: big veins on either side of the neck, forming the junction of the internal jugular & subclavian veins

brain dysfunction; brain disorder

branching; ramification

carcinomatosis

carcinostatic; anti-cancer

cardia deficiency

cardiac action; cardiac cycle

cardiac aneurysm

cardiac apex; apex of the heart; the pointed part of the heart's left lower chamber

cardiac arrest; heart arrest

induced cardiac arrest; stopping the heart during surgery

cardiac pacing; cardiac artificial pacing: regulating the rate of contraction of the heart muscles with an artificial pacemaker; cardiac-phase control

cardiac catheterization

cardiac cirrhosis

cardiac compression

external cardiac compression, heart massage; closed chest cardiac massage

cardiac death

sudden cardiac death (SCD)

congenital cardiac deformity

cardiac dullness

cardiac evaluation

cardiac glycosides; cardiotonic steroids

double cardiac insufficiency

cardiac insufficiency

compensated cardiac insufficiency; compensated heart failure

closed chest cardiac massage; external cardiac massage

advanced cardiac life support: using specialized equipment to maintain the airway, early defibrillation & pharmacological therapy

cardiac output, cardiac pressure output; minute ouput

cardiac region; cardiac zone

cardiac resuscitation

cardiac shadow

cardiac stimulant

cardiac tamponade; cardiac tamponage

cardiac valvular regurgitation; cardiac valvular incompetence; cardiac valvular insufficiency

cardiac valvuloplasty; surgery on a heart valve

cardial glands

cardial insufficience; insufficience of the cardial sphincter

cardial sphincter

icteric cardialgia

cardiectomy; resection of the cardia

cardiogenic plate; cardiogenic crescent: mesoderm giving rise to heart tubes (in embryology)

CGS; cardiogenic shock; cardiac shock: shock resulting from a shutdown of cardiac output in heart disease

cardiogenic; originating in the heart

resistance cardiography: type of impedance plethysmography

cardiolipin; diphosphatidylglycerol

cardiological; heart study-related

cardiologist: a physician specializing in the diagnosis & treatment of heart disease

cardiology

glucogenic cardiomegaly

cardiomegaly; enlargement of the heart; cardiomegalia

non-obstructive cardiomyopathy;

myocardiopathy; cardiomyopathy; chronic heart disease

dilated cardiomyopathy; idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; congestive cardiomyopathy

congestive cardiomyopathy; idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; dilated cardiomyopathy: a syndrome characterized by cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure

restrictive cardiomyopathy; obstructive myocardiopathy

cardiomyoplasty

congenital cardiopathy

cardiopathy of herpes zoster

cardiopathy; heart disease

cardioplegia; induced cardiac arrest: stopping contractions of the myocardium by injecting a cardioplegic chemical compound

cardioplegic

cardioplegic solutions

CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation

cardiopulmonary; heart and lung-related

cardiorespiratory; heart and lung-related

cardiorrhexis, rupture of the heart

cardiosclerosis

cardioselective; affecting the heart mostly

phrenospasm; cardiospasm; esophageal achalasia; hiatal esophagism

cardiospecific

cardiotherapy

cardiotomy: incision of a heart wall

cardiotonic agents

cardiotonic; heart tonic

cardiotoxic; poisonous to the heart

cardiotoxicity: damage to the heart associated with certain anti-cancer drugs such as Adriamycin

cardiovascular abnormalities

cardiovascular agents

heart circulatory collapse; cardiovascular collapse; cardiovascular failure

cardiovascular complications of pregnancy

cardiovascular deconditioning: a change in cardiovascular function with reduced blood volume and reflex diuresis

cardiovascular disease

cardiovascular failure

cardiovascular hypertension

cardiovascular imaging

cardiovascular reflex

cardiovascular reserve mechanism

cardiovascular surgery

cardiovascular system

cardiovascular; heart and blood vessel-related

cardioversion: stopping a too-fast heart rate by delivering an electrical impulse at the same time as the heartbeat

long-term care

secondary care

primary care; primary health care

care givers; caregivers: persons who provide care in the home, in a hospital, or in an institution

family caregivers; family care workers

acute caries

black caries

secondary caries

caries prophylaxis

dental caries; tooth decay, cavity in a tooth

carina puncture (biopsy)

carina tracheae

cariogenic: producing caries

cariostatic: inhibiting the progress of dental caries

cariology; the study and understanding of tooth decay

carminatives; antiflatulents

butyro-ß-hydroxybetaine; carnitine: a striated muscle & liver constituent used to stimulate gastric & pancreatic secretions; Vitamin Bt; a compound that transports fatty acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane in beta oxidation

chromolipoid; carotenoid

carotid

carotid angiography

thrombosis of the carotid artery

common carotid artery:

carotid artery: one of the two principal arteries of the neck & head

carotid body: a small cluster of chemoreceptive cells near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery, which senses the pH, carbon dioxide & oxygen concentrations in the blood

carotid cavernous fistula

carotid occlusion; occlusion of the carotid artery

carotid pulse

carotid sinus death

carotid sinus nerve

carotid sinus pressure test

carotid sinus reflex

carotid sinus stimulation test

carotid sinus: the dilated portion of the carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carotids

carotid siphon; carotid loop

carotid stenosis; stricture of the carotid artery

carotid syncope

carpal bones, wrist bones

wrist joint; carpal joint

carpal tunnel of the wrist

CTS; carpal tunnel syndrome: a disturbance of median nerve function in the wrist as the nerve passes through the carpal tunnel

carpus curvus; Madelung's deformity

carpus: the wrist joint

carrier (in the pharmaceutical industry), base

chronic carrier of the virus

asymptomatic carrier, symptom-free carrier, symptomless carrier

Rhamnus purshiana; cascara sagrada; chittam bark used as a laxative

family case history

case management; patient management

nurse case manager

case studies

case study method

casein

plaster cast (impression); moulage; casting; moulding cast

plaster cast (on a limb)

surgical cast; fiberglass cast

casting tape

giant benign lymphoma; Castleman's disease; giant lymph node hyperplasia; GLNH; hamartoma of the lymphatics; angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia

castor oil; palma-christi oil

to castrate; to geld, to neuter

chemical castration

fear of castration

castration cells

castration; neutering

hypophyseal castration; pituitary castration

casual labor; casual employment

facility; fluency; casual manner; lack of constraint; unconstraint; naturalness; nonchalance

casuistics: recording & study of cases of disease

cat scratch disease, cat scratch fever; benign lymphoreticulosis

intermediate catabolic product; metabolite; product of intermediary metabolism

protein catabolic rate: PCR

catabolic repression; catabolite repression

catabolism; chemical breakdown

CAP factor; catabolite activator protein; cyclic AMP receptor protein

cerebellar catalepsy

catalepsy: sustained physical immobility

polymerase catalytic center

catalytic region; catalytic domain; catalytic core

catalytic elements: iron & manganese, which promote oxidation or other essential reactions (in plants)

cataract surgery; cataract extraction: surgical removal of a cataractous lens; enzymatic zonulolysis

blue-dot cataract, punctiform cataract

soft cataract: an advanced cataract in which the nucleus is not well developed

bloody cataract; cruent cataract

catatonia: a phase of schizophrenia whereby the patient is unresponsive; a psychomotor disorder characterized by periods of muscular rigidity, excitement or stupor

radiofrequency ablation; catheter ablation; transvenous electric ablation, electric catheter ablation, percutaneous catheter ablation, radiofrequency catheter ablation: removal of tissue with electrical current delivered by electrodes at the end of a catheter

over the needle catheter; catheter-over-needle

intraarterial catheter; intravascular catheter

cardiac catheterization

peripheral catheterization

catheterization of the duodenal papilla

balloon catheterization; balloon dilatation; balloon valvuloplasty

catheterization; inserting a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids

cathexis

beta rays; cathode rays; beta particles: a stream of electrons emitted by a CRT or from natural sources

cathode: an negatively-charged electrode of incandescent tungsten which emits electrons in a vacuum tube

cation: a positively-charged ion

catmint; catnip; cataria

caucasian; white

filum terminale; cauda equina: the lower part of the spinal cord, consisting of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots

caudal; near/towards the tail

caumesthesia: a subjective heat sensation of uncomfortably high temperature

causal; cause-related; causative

enabling factors; causality; causation

underlying cause of death

caustic soda; sodium hydroxide

caustic; corrosive

cauterization

to cauterize

cauter; cautery

microcautery

cavernous

cavernous breathing; cavernous respiration

cavernous cancer

cavernous hemangioma of the central nervous system; Fogarty-Alajouanine syndrome; spinal angiodysgenesisc

cavitation: the formation of cavities in an organ or tissue especially in disease

CDPdiacylglycerol-serine o-phosphatidyltransferase: an enzyme that catalyses the formation of phosphatidylserine and cmp

cecocolostomy

cecostomy

cecropin: an inducible antibacterial protein

cefaclor: a broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of cephalexin

cefamandol: a semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action

ceftriaxone: a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a long half-life

sprue; celiac disease; celiac syndrome; nontropical sprue; tropical sprue, non-gluten enteropathy; gluten-induced enteropathy; Herter disease; idiopathic steatorrhea; coelia disease

celiac trunk; celiac artery

celiac; coeliac

celibacy: abstaining from sex

cell (unit of living organism)

neuronal cell adhesion molecules; axon-associated adhesion molecules

anhydro-glucose; cellobiose: a disaccharide

delayed hypersensitivity; cellular immunity; cell-mediated immunity; delayed sensitivity

cellulite (fat cells)

subcutaneous cellulitis

cellulitis; an inflammation of connective tissue

census

recombination unit; centimorgan: a unit of distance measured between two genes

central cord syndrome: a syndrome associated with traumatic injury to the cervical or upper thoracic spinal cord characterized by weakness in the arms and sensory loss

central nervous system

functional central nervous system compensation

central nervous system depressants

central nervous system angiitis; central nervous system vasculitis; CNS vasculitis

dentate nucleus; cerebellar nuclei; nucleus dentatus; nucleus emboliformis; nucleus fastigii & nucleus globosus

centrocyte: a lymphocyte with a small cleaved nuclei; a cleaved cell

cerebellar syndrome

cerebellar; related to the cerebellum

cerebellum

cerebral arteries

middle cerebral artery infarction; middle cerebral artery stroke; embolic infarction of the middle cerebral artery

atrophy of the cerebral cortex

cerebral cortex

damage to the cerebral cortex; cortical damage

cerebral decortication

localized cerebral disease

cerebral dominance

high-altitude cerebral edema

cerebral edema; brain edema

cerebral hemorrhage

cerebral herniation; cerebral hernia

electro-cerebral inactivity

cerebral infarction; stroke

cerebral infectious embolism

organic cerebral involution

brain hypoxia-ischemia; cerebral ischemia-anoxia; hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; cerebral anoxia-ischemia; brain anoxia-ischemia anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; brain anoxia-ischemia; brain hypoxia-ischemia; brain ischemia-hypoxia; cerebral anoxia-ischemia; cerebral hypoxia-ischemia; cerebral ischemia-anoxia;

cancer of the cervix, cervical cancer; endocervical carcinoma

incompetent cervix, insufficiency of the cervix

cesarian section

cesium chloride

chafed; abraded

Chagas myocarditis; Chagas cardiomyopathy; cardiovascular trypanosomiasis

tarsal cyst; chalazion: a non-neoplastic cyst of the eyelid

chalcosis of lens (ophthalmology)

challenge test; challenge testing; provocation test

Hunter chancre

recurrent chancre

hard chancre, primary lesion, primary eruption (from syphilis)

molecular chaperone; chaperone protein: a protein that aids in the folding of a second protein

chaperonin

chapped lips

(noun) characteristic

(adjective) characteristic; typical

protein characterization

Zenker's crystals; Charcot-Leyden crystals; asthma crystals; leukocytic crystals

Roussy-Levy syndrome; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; peroneal muscular atrophy; hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type; HMSN; CMT disease

head nurse; charge nurse

charlatanism; quackery

muscle cramp; charley horse

multiple chemical sensitivity; environmental chemical hyper-sensitivity: recurrent symptoms, in multiple organ systems, occurring in response to exposure to low doses of many chemically unrelated compounds

chemicals; chemical substances; chemical compounds

chemiluminiscence

analytical chemistry

forensic chemistry

organic chemistry

chemistry

chemoattractant; chemotactic

therapeutic chemoembolization: embolization with polymerizing material: hemostasis utilizing agents such as Gel-Foam, Silastic, metal, glass or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli

chemotactic cytokine; chemokine; a cytokine that has the ability to attract & activate leukocytes

chemoluminescence; chemi-luminescence: emission of absorbed energy in the form of light as a result of a chemical reaction

chemolysis

discolysis; chemonucleolysis: injecting a herniated disk with an enzyme (chymopapain) to dissolve the nucleus pulposus; intervertebral disk chemolysis; intervertebral disk nucleolysis

lipid granulomatosis, Chester syndrome; Chester-Erdheim disease: a rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis

chest-wall ECG

chewable

chewing coca leaves

chewing gum

smokeless tobacco; chewing tobacco

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Frommel's disease; Chiari-Frommel syndrome

optic chiasma; chiasma; optic chiasm: an X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves

Chicago disease; Gilchrist disease; North American blastomycosis

chickenpox (varicella)

chickenpox vaccine; varicella vaccine

herpes virus 3, chickenpox virus; varicella-zoster virus

chimaera; chimera: an individual that contains genetically distinct types of cells derived from different zygotes, formed by the fusion of two early blastula stage embryos

transplantation chimera; graft chimera; graft hybrid

chimeric DNA: a DNA molecule that resulted from recombination

chimeric gene

chimeric proteins

chin, tip of the chin

chin; mentum

Chines medicinal herb extracts; Chinese herbal medicine; Chinese plant extracts; Chinese herbal remedies

traditional Chinese medicine; zhong yi xue; a system of traditional medicine based on the beliefs & practices of Chinese culture

chip fracture: a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed; comminuted fracture

chiral

chiropractic, chiropraxis, therapeutic treament of the spinal column

chiropractor

chlamydia

chlamydia trachomatis

cholemic chloasma

extra-uterine chloasma

chloasma hepaticum

pregnancy chloasma, chloasma uterinum, dark patches on the face

chlorpromazine; Thorazine: a tranquilizer chemically derived from phenothiazine; a prototypical antipsychotic drug

Chlorpropamide: a pill to lower blood sugar levels in diabetics

chlorpyrifos

chlortetracycline

chlorthalidone; a diuretic

chlorzoxazone

choanal atresia

choanal polyp; nasal polypus

to choke on food, to asphyxiate

to choke, to gag, to suffocate

choking, gagging

cholagogue: an agent that promotes the flow of bile into the intestine

intravenous cholangiography

cholangiography

infusion cholangiography; bile duct X-ray

retrograde cholangiography; endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

intrahepatic cholangitis

sclerosing cholangitis

cholangitis; bile duct inflammation

cholechromeresis: hypersecretion of bile pigment

laparoscopic cholecystectomy; open cholecystectomy

cholecystectomy; removal of the gall bladder

emphysematous cholecystitis

gangrenous cholecystitis

suppurative cholecystitis

cholecystitis glandularis proliferans

pancreozymin receptors; cholecystokinin receptors; cholecystokinin octapeptide receptors; cholecystokinin-pancreozymin receptors; cholecystokinin receptors; gastrin receptors; sincalide receptors

CCK; cholecystokinin; pancreozymin: a peptide secreted in the upper intestine that causes gallbladder contraction & release of pancreatic exocrine

cholecystostomy

choledochoduodenal fistula

choledochojejunostomy

beta-cholestanols; cholestanols; coprostanols; dihydrocholesterols; cholesterol derivatives

intrahepatic cholestasis

cholestasis; bile flow stoppage

extrahepatic cholestasis; cholestatic extra-hepatic jaundice

cholestatic hepatitis; cholangiolitic hepatitis

cholestatic hepatosis

cholestatic jaundice; cholestatic icterus

middle ear cholesteatoma

cholesteatoma

extracellular cholesterinosis

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; cholesterol inhibitors; anticholesteremic agents; hypocholesteremic agents; hypocholesterolemic agents

disorder of cholesterol metabolism

cholesterol oxidase

cholesterolemia; cholesteremia

cholesterol-lowering agent; hypocholesterolemic agent

cholesterolosis

extracellular cholesterosis

MK-135; cholestyramine

C24H40O5 cholic acid; colalin: a primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine

choline alfoscerate

C5H14CLNO2; choline chloride: a lipotropic agent

choline deficiency

choline gluconate

choline kinase

choline salicylate

choline theophyllinate

bursine; choline; fagine; vidine: a precursor of acetylcholine that acts as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes & in lipid metabolism

cholinergic

cholinergic agents

cholinergic fiber; cholinergic nerve fiber: a nerve fiber which liberates acetylcholine at the synapse

synovial chondromatosis; Henderson-Jones syndrome: a rare, benign, chronic, progressive metaplasia in which cartilage is formed in the synovial membranes of joints, tendon sheaths, or bursae; synovial osteochondromatosis

osteogenous chondromatosis; skeletal chondromatosis

chondromyxofibroma; chondromyxoid fibroma of bones

chondrosarcoma: a malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage tissue (chondroblasts)

chondrosis

human chorionic gonadotrophin; hCG: a hormone mainly produced during pregnancy

beta-human chorionic gonadotropin

chorionic villi sampling; chorionic villus sampling

chorionic villi; chorial villosities

toxoplasmatic chorioretinitis

chorioretinitis, choroidoretinitis

choristoblastoma; choristoma; hetrotopic tissue

choroid hemorrhage

the choroid; choroid membrane

choroid plexus

choroid plexus tumor; choroid plexus neoplasm; choroid plexus carcinoma

choroid plexus papilloma

choroidal sclerosis; choroid sclerosis; choroideremia

choroid; choroidea

chromosome banding: staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes

chromosome breakage

syndesis; chromosome conjugation; chromosome pairing

chromosome count; number of chromosomes

chromosome defect; chromosome damage

chromosome deletion

autosomal chromosome disorders; chromosomal abnormality

chromosome erosion

chromosome exchange

chromosome fragility

inversion; chromosome inversion; chromosomal inversion

physical chromosome mapping; cytogenetic mapping

chromosome painting

metaphase plate; chromosome plate; placa ecuatorial

chromosome segregation: the principle that the two partners of a chromosome pair are separated during meiosis & distributed randomly to the germ cells

chromosome structures

chromosome walking: in molecular genetics, a procedure for isolating & determining the nucleotide sequence of extended regions of a chromosome by means of the sequential isolation and cloning of overlapping oligonucleotides

Budge's center; ciliospinal center: preganglionic motor neurons in the first thoracic part of the spinal cord which give rise to the sympathetic innervation of the dilator muscle of the pupil

ciprofloxacin; cinoxacin; a carboxyfluoroquinoline antimicrobial agent

circadian rhythms: the regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to stimuli, hormone secretion, sleeping, feeding, etc.

circular dichroism; a change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium

circular DNA; linear DNA: covalently closed DNA molecules

circulating monocyte

circulating virus

circulation of blood

postnatal circulatory adaptation

neuro-circulatory collapse

cardiovascular collapse; circulatory crisis; circulatory collapse

circulatory disorder

circulatory distress; circulatory disturbance

circulation test; circulatory function test

female circumcision, female mutilation, infibulation; mutilation of female genitalia

circumcision: mutilation of male genitalia; the surgical removal of end of the prepuce of the penis

circumflex artery

circumscribed; limited

atrophic cirrhosis

cirrhosis of infarcted kidney

cirrhosis of the kidney

biliary liver cirrhosis, Caroli-Nora syndrome, xanthomatous cirrhosis

heightened clarity of thought

Clarke's column; Clarke's bundle

clasmatocytic sarcoma

classic

classification

clastogenic

spurious claudication

claudication; limping

claustrum

fracture of the clavicle

clavicle, collarbone

clavulanate; clavulanic acid

ulnar hand; claw hand; benediction hand

gene cloning: a technique in which copies of a plasmid are produced by inserting them into a suitable host capable of producing multiple copies & growing in a bulk culture

organism cloning: inserting recombinant DNA molecules into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector

cloning: the process of producing a genetically identical copy, or clone.

molecular cloning; DNA cloning

clonixin

clonorchiasis: infection of the biliary passages with clonorchis sinensis

liver flukes; clonorchis sinensis; Chinese liver flukes; trematode flukes; clonorchiasis

clopamide: a diuretic

clopenthixol: a thioxanthene similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics

clopidogrel (Plavix®): a blood thinner

clopidol

cloprostenol: a synthetic prostaglandin F2 alpha

clorazepic acid; clorazepate dipotassium

closed-loop control for drug infusion

closing a file; file closure

closing volume

closing; closure; conclusion

intrinsic coagulation pathway; intrinsic coagulation cascade; intrinsic thromboplastin system

coagulation protein disorders

extrinsic coagulation system; extrinsic coagulation pathway; thromboplastin system

whole blood coagulation time

blood coagulation; clotting

coagulopathy

consumption; coagulopathy; disseminated intravascular coagulation

coal tar

coalescence; concrescence

coaptation

coaptation plate

coarctation

aortic coarctation: narrowing of the lumen of the aorta; coarctation of the aorta

codon: a set of three consecutive nucleotides of an RNA or DNA molecule that directs the incorporation of a specific aminoacid during protein synthesis

start codon; initiation codon; initiator codon

nonsense codon; nonsense triplet

stop codon; terminator codon; nonsense codon

C21H36O16N7P3S; coenzyme A

coenzyme; an organic nonprotein molecule that binds with the protein molecule apoenzyme to form the active enzyme holoenzyme

cofactor regeneration

cofactor-supplemented post-mitochondrial fraction

cognition; cognitive ability

cognitive dissonance

cognitive dysfunction; cognitive disorder

cognition; cognitive function

a change in cognitive function

cognitive handicap

cognitive impairment; cognitive dysfunction; cognitive defect

interstitial collagenase: clostridiopeptidase A; a metalloproteinase enzyme that is principally responsible for cleaving fibrillar collagen

collagenoma

collapse of the lung

lung collapse therapy

collapse; failure

cervical collar; neck brace

collarbone; clavicle

collateral ligament

Colles fracture: a fracture of the lower end of the radius with posterior displacement of the lower fragment

colliculus; quadrigeminal body; corpora quadrigemina

collodion: a nitrocellulose solution used as a drug solvent and a wound sealant

skin of a collodion baby; collodium skin: lamellar ichthyosis; congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma

colloid tumor; myxoma, mucous tumor, collonema, gelatinous polyp, gelatinous tumor

colloidal; of a colloid

collyrium; eye wash

Fuchs coloboma

coloboma of the iris

hereditary non-polyposis colorectal neoplasm; hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer; HNPCC

colonic polyp; colorectal polyps; intestinal polyps

colorectal surgery; colon and rectal surgery; proctology

colorectal; colon and rectum-related

colorimetry

coloring

colostomy bag

colostomy: the surgical construction of an artificial anus between the colon and the surface of the abdomen

colostrorrhea

colostrum

colpitis mycotica; vaginal yeast infection

adhesive colpitis; adhesive vaginitis

colpomyiasis

colpoplasty; vaginoplasty: plastic surgery of the vagina

colposcope; vaginoscope

colposcopy (exam of cervix)

colpostat: an appliance for use in the vagina

colpotomy: a surgical incision in the vagina

Coltivirus: the virus that causes Colorado tick fever; Colorado tick fever virus

tussilago; coltsfoot

Columbia SK virus

diencephalic coma

complement receptors: molecules on the surface of a b-lymphocyte or macrophages, that recognize and combine with the C3b, C3d, C1q & C4b components of complement

alexine; complement; a collection of around 11 to 20 proteins which are activated by antigen/antibody complexes

complementary

cDNA; complementary DNA: single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

complementary medicine; alternative medicine

negative complementation

(noun) complex

(adjective) complex; complicated

yellowish complexion

complexion

thoracic compliance

pulmonary compliance; compliance of the chest wall

compliance; flexibility

verruca acuminata; condyloma acuminatum, fig wart, genital wart; papilloma venereum; pointed condyloma; venereal wart

condyloma latum

HPV condyloma virus, human papiloma virus; may be genital or local; condylomata acuminata

condylus; condyle

retinal cones; cone photoreceptors

conical tooth; cone-shaped tooth

confabulation; fiction; fibbing

conference

doctor-patient confidentiality; medical confidentiality

enclosed space; confined space; unventilated space

conflict

confluence of the sinuses

single-stranded conformational polymorphism

stymied; confused; perplexed; baffled; bewildered; muddled

genetic conjugation; linkage; pairing

conjunctiva: the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and is continued over the forepart of the eyeball

....
electrochemical oxidation

electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid; electrophoresis of the proteins of cerebrospinal fluid

iminoglycinuria; hyperprolinemia

imipramine; imidobenzyle: the prototypical tricyclic antidepressant; C19H24N2

immaturity

immersion; submersion

immiscible; not mixable

immobilization; stopping movement; holding still

to immobilize

immortal

circulating immune complex

immune complex

immune deficiency; immune dysfunction, immune defect

protective immune response

immune response modulator

cell-mediated immune response; cell-mediated immunity; an immune response that involves effector T lymphocytes and not the production of humoral antibody

immune response; immune reaction

dysfunction of the immune response; malfunction in the immune response

monovalent immune serum; monospecific immune serum

the immune system

immunotolerance; immune tolerance; immunosuppression: the development of specific nonreactivity of lymphoid tissues to a particular antigen capable under other conditions of inducing humoral or cell-mediated immunity

(adjective) immune; immune system

local immunity

transposition immunity

immunity

cell-mediated immunity; delayed hypersensitivity: those manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity

immunization

active immunization; active vaccination; active immunotherapy

immunoassay

fluorescence immunoassay, FIA

immunoblots; immunoblotting: an immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances

immunologic competence; immunocompetence: the ability of lymphoid cells to mount a humoral or cellular immune response when challenged by antigen

immunocompetent: able to recognize & act against invading antigens

immunocompromised; immunosuppressed

immunocyte, immune cell, immunocompetent cell

immunocytochemistry: technique for staining cells or tissues using antibodies against a particular antigen

systemic immunodeficiency

human immunodeficiency virus type 2; HIV-2

immunodiagnostics; immunodiagnostic

immunodiffusion

immunoelectrophoresis; a technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion

two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis; CIE: crossed immunoelectrophoresis

rocket immunoelectrophoresis; Laurell crossed immunoelectrophoresis

immunoenzyme techniques; enzyme immunoassay; enzyme-labeled antibody technique; immunoenzymology

immunogenic; producing immunity

antigenicity; immunogenicity

anti-D immunoglobulin

cytoplasmic immunoglobulin

homologous immunoglobulin

human normal immunoglobulin

immunoglobulin

immunoglobulin A

immunoglobulin allotypes

immunoglobulin class switching

immunoglobulin classes

lambda chain immunoglobulins; lambda immunoglobulins

immunohematology

immunohemolysin

immunohistochemistry: histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents

immunological memory

immunological; immunity study-related

immunology

immunomodulation

immune modulators; immunomodulators; biological response modifiers

immunomodulatory effect; immune regulatory effect; immunoregulatory activity; immune modulation

cytotropic immunoreaction

immunoreaction; immune reaction

immunostimulant

immunosuppressant; drug to stop immune response; immuno-suppressant drug

immunosuppression

chemical immunosuppressive

immunodepressor; immunosuppressive agent; immunosuppressant;

immune monitoring; immunosurveillance; immunological surveillance: testing of immune status

specific passive immunotherapy

immunotoxin

toxin carriers; toxin conjugates; immunotoxins; cytotoxin-antibody conjugates; targeted toxins; toxin-antibody conjugates; toxin-antibody hybrids; targeted toxins; chimeric toxins; antibody-toxin hybrids

impact injury

impacted feces

impacted tooth

impaction of the bowels; fecal impaction; retention of feces

child of impaired parents

impairment of higher cortical functions

impairment rating (WC); degree of disablement

hearing impairment; impaired hearing; deafness

impairment; loss of function

impedance plethysmograph; rheograph

imperforate

impermeability

impetiginous cheilitis

impetigo follicularis

impetigo varicellosa

impetigo: a contagious pyoderma caused by group A streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus

automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator; AICD; automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator: a surgically-implanted device to monitor the heart & to deliver electrical impulses if needed to correct an abnormal rhythm & restore a regular heartbeat

active implantable medical device

PGD; pre-implantation genetic diagnosis; embryo genetic disorder analysis

nidation; implantation; implanting of a fertilized ovum

absorbable implants; bioabsorbable implants

implementation

implication

symptomatic impotence

impotence

anti-impotence drug; Viagra; anti-impotence agent; sildenafil citrate; male impotence agent

male impotence, erectile dysfunction

impregnated

impregnation; fertilization; making pregnant

impression

impression paste; mould putty, stent's mass, Luralite paste

impressionability

genomic imprinting: a biochemical phenomenon that determines, for certain genes, which one of the pair of alleles (the mother's or the father's) will be active in that individual

impurities

inability to conceive; infertility; sterility

inaccurate; inexact

inactive

inactivity atrophy; atrophy of disuse

inadequate

inanition acetone from fasting

inanition atrophy

inanition, starvation, malnutrition

inappropriate, inadequate, ill-suited

human inbreeding; consanguinity

incapacitated for work

incarceration; strangulated (hernia, placenta)

incest

frequency; incidence; number of cases; incidence of disease

incidental exposure

incidental; minor

incipient, beginning, in the early stages

incised wound; stab wound; deep cut

Klapp incision

incision guide

incision; cut

incisive; cutting

incisor; incisor tooth

inclination

inclusive

incoherent thinking, confusion, incoherent ideation

incoherent, unintelligible, disjointed

ABO incompatibility

blood type incompatibility; blood group incompatibility

incompatible

incompetence

fecal incontinence; incompetence of the anal sphincter; anal sphincter incontinence

incontinence

urinary incontinence due to stress, stress urinary incontinence

incontinentia pigmenti; Bloch-Sulzberger's syndrom

ataxia; incoordination; coordination impairment: impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements

incorporation; inclusion

an increase in free EP (erythrocytic protoporphyrin) levels

incubation

artificial incubator; incubator for newborn babies, for preemies

incurable

index finger

a sensitive index of the total body burden of lead

to indicate; to show

indication; sign

indicative

indicator

indigent

to have indigestion from overeating

to have indigestion, dyspepsia

indigestion: a form of digestive symptom

indirect

indirect, mediate

indium-technetium bone marrow scintigraphy

individual; separate

process of individuation

indolence, absence of pain, painlessness; laziness

indolent; painless

Indocin®; indomethacin: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins & other autacoids

indoor environment

induced tumor

inducible enzyme; adaptive enzyme

induction; inducing

inductively coupled mass spectrometer

red induration

induration; hardening of tissue; an abnormally hard spot on the skin

industrial disasters

industrial pollution

heparin-locked catheter; indwelling catheter: any catheter that is allowed to remain in place in a vein, artery, or body cavity

`` indwelling ureteral catheter

intoxicated; inebriated; drunk; under the influence of alcohol

inedible; unfit for consumption

inelastic

inequalities in health

inert gas

inert; inactive

inertia

infant formula; adapted milk

infant nutrition; feeding of babies

infant; newborn baby

infanticide; child murder

baby talk; infantile language

kala-azar; infantile pseudoleucemica; infantile splenic pseudoleucemia

infantile sexuality

infantile spasms; hypsarrhythmia; West syndrome; nodding spasm; salaam seizures; spasmus nutans; cryptogenic infantile spasms; jackknife seizures

infantile toxicose; toxicosis of the newborn baby

infantile; baby

septic infarct

myocardial infarction; heart attack; cardiac infarction

herpes infection

infection

infection control

infection rate

infection tolerance test

vehicle of infection transmission; carrier

secondary infection: a second infection with a different infectious agent

cross-infection; mutual infection

infectious

infectious acanthomas

social infectious disease

infectious disease

ward for infectious diseases

infectious laryngotracheitis

infective asthma

infectivity; infectiousness

inferiority complex, sense of inferiority

female infertility

infertility

infestation

insect infestation; insect outbreak

(noun) infiltrate

eosinophilic infiltrate

infiltratie-anesthesie

ample infiltration

paravertebral infiltration

infiltration

infirmary, sick bay

inflammation

bad hangnail; inflammation around the fingernail

IBD; inflammatory bowel disease

inflammatory cytokine

inflammatory infiltrate

inflation, blowing up

anti-influenza vaccine; flu vaccine

influenza; the flu

information

information assimilation

information campaign

information centers

information dissemination

information needs

information seeking behavior

informed consent

prior informed consent

informed consent

infra-articular fracture

infraorbit

infraorbital artery

infraorbital canal

deep infrapatellar bursa

subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

infrapatellar bursitis

infrapiriforme hernia

infrared heater; infrared lamp; heat lamp; infrared emitter

infrared energy; infrared light; heat; infrared wave; infrared rays; infrared radiation; infra-red radiation

infrared spectrum; infrared frequencies

infra-umbilical

hypothalamic infundibulum; infundibular hypothalamus; posterior pituitary gland; neurohypophysis

dental infundibulum

infundibulum of the heart

infundibulum; outflow tract

to infuse; to pour in, to suffuse

infusion pump

implantable infusion pumps; peristaltic pumps; implantable perfusion pumps; implantable drug delivery pumps

infusion therapy

infusion urography

infusion; herb tea; steeping

drip-feeding; infusion; intravenous administration of a liquid; intravenous drip

infusion; transfusion not of blood

to ingest, to eat

ingestion; swallowing

ingredient, component

main ingredient, main constituent

ingrown; strangulated

inguinal canal

inguinal cord; inguinal ligament

granuloma venerenum; inguinal granuloma; inguinal lymphogranuloma; donovanosis: an anogenital ulcer caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

inguinal hernia, femoral hernia

inguinal part of the vas deferens

inguinal truss, hernia truss

inguinal; groin-related

inguinodynia; pain in the groin

inhalant

epinephrine inhalation aerosol bronchodilator

inhalation anesthesia

inhalation mist, inhalant

aspiration; inhalation; breathing in

smoke inhalation; smoke poisoning

to inhale, breathe in

carry-over inhaler

infusion unit; inhaler, spray dispenser, moist vapor nebulizer; puff

inherent; natural

lateral inhibition

inhibition

inhibition; stopping; suppression

neural inhibition; Wedensky inhibition

inhibitor

reversible inhibitors

inhuman; cruel

initial

initiating factors; initiating agents

injectable

injectable volume

injection; shot

jet injector; Dermo-Jet injector; needleless injector

pen injector; insulin pen

to injure, harm, abuse, hurt

injured person, casualty

injuries

injury due to heavy lifting

injury severity score: a measure of the severity of illness within a diagnostic group

lesion; injury; trauma; wound

cardiac innervation

innervation frequency: the number of regular recurrent stimuli per second to a muscle fiber

innervation; nerve distribution

innovation

to inoculate; to vaccinate

inoculated pack

acclimatized inoculum

microbial inoculum

inoculum

inoperable

inorganic chemicals

inorganic; non-organic

inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; 1,4,5-insp3 myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

inositol phosphates

C6H12O6 inositol: an isomer of glucose

positive inotropic effect; affecting the force or energy of muscular contractions

inotropic; affecting muscular contractions

insanitary housing

insanitary housing

inscripto

insecticide

insecticide resistance

test insemination

artificial insemination by donor (AID); heterologous insemination

insensitivity to pain

to insert

cord insertion

insertion tendon of muscle

insertion; inserting

in-service training

the inside of the cell membrane

insidious; perfidious

intuitive; insightful; understanding

insole

insomnia; sleeplessness

insomniac: one who suffers from insomnia

health inspection

visual inspection

inspiration; breathing in

inspiratory capacity

inspiratory reserve volume

instability

drug instillation; infusion of a drug

instillation; trickling

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (USA)

institutionalization

instruction

instruction leaflets

organic insufficiency; exertional insufficiency

insufficiency; inadequacy

intracranial insufflation

insufflation anesthesia; intubation narcosis; intubation anesthesia

insufflation; air entrainment

manual insufflator

insulation

unit of insulin

insulin: a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels

anti-insulin antibodies; insulin resistance

insulin glargine

IGF-1 insulin growth factor 1; insulin-like growth factor; somatomedin

artificial beta cell; insulin infusion systems; artificial endocrine pancreas

insulin motility test

insulin pump: a device that delivers a continuous supply of insulin into the body

insulin receptor: an area on the outside of a cell that binds with insulin that is in the blood

insulin sensitivity

insulin shock; hypoglycemic shock

disposable insulin syringe

ìsophane insulin; NPH insulin: a modified form of insulin that contains protamine & zinc

insulin-dependent diabetes; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; type I diabetes, juvenile-onset diabetes

non-insulin-dependent diabetes; type II diabetes

insurance company

intact; whole

ingesta; intake; anything one has ingested into the body

integrated delivery of health care

integrated hospital care

integrative

integrins: the membrane glycoproteins which act as mediators of extracellular matrix adhesion

integrity of the tissue

integrity; wholeness, preservation

common integument

integumentary; of skin

intelligence

loss of intelligence, disintegration of intelligence; mental deterioration

intelligence: the ability to learn, understand & make judgments

to have intense sexual appetites, to be very horny

exposure intensity; intensity of radiation

intensity, strength

ICU: intensive care unit

short stay in the intensive care unit

intensive care; acute care

intensive therapy, intensive treatment

intention tremor; shakiness

interaction

interactive media

interarticular fibrocartilage

to intercalate

DNA intercalating agents; DNA intercalators: agents that can insert themselves between successive bases in DNA, thus kdeforming it and preventing its proper functioning

intercellular cavity

intercostal muscles

intercostal; between the ribs

to have intercourse, to have sex, to copulate, to make love

intercultural research

interdental; between the teeth

interdentium: the interval between two contiguous teeth; interdental space

interdigital mycosis

interdisciplinary

multi-disciplinary approach; interdisciplinary approach

interdisciplinary cooperation

interference

interference pattern

(in physics) interference phenomenon

bacterial interference; antibiosis; microbial antagonism: the ability of one microbe to kill, injure, or inhibit the growth of another microorganism

leucocyte interferon, lymphoblast interferon, alpha interferon

interferon: a protein produced in organisms infected by viruses, serving to protect the organism from other viral infections

alpha interferon: interferon released by leukocytes in response to a viral infection

fibroblast interferon; beta interferon

gamma interferon; immune interferon: Interferon produced by T-lymphocytes in response to various mitogens and antigens

intergenic mutation; intergenic suppression

spacer; intergenic spacer; intergenic DNA; spacer DNA

interleukin; replacing factor T-cell

IL-2Rß ; interleukin-2 receptors

intermediary

intermediary metabolism

intermeningeal apoplexy

intermenstrual bleeding and pain

intermittent

intermittent fever

intern (in a hospital)

internal capsule: White matter pathway, flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of afferent & efferent fibers projecting between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem

internal injury

Hey's internal derangement; internal injury of the knee joint

internal; inner

excitory interneuron; excitor interneuron

inhibitor interneuron; inhibitory interneuron

association neuron; interneuron; internuncial neuron; intercalated neuron: a neuron which is neither motor nor sensory

internist: a physician who is expert on the medical management of a wide variety of medical problems

internship; a medical training course in hospital

interoceptor

social interaction; interpersonal relations: the interaction of two or more persons

social skills; interpersonal skills: the ability to establish social contacts

interpersonal; between individuals

interphase nucleus

interphase: the period in the cell cycle when DNA is replicated in the nucleus; followed by mitosis

vesicovaginal interposition of the uterus

interpretation; explanation

free-lance interpreter

Spanish interpreter

sign language interpreter; interpreter for the deaf

intersexuality

interstitial cells of the testicle

interstitial cystitis

interstitial induration

granulomatous interstitial pulmonary disease

diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

interstice; interstitial space

interstitial; in the gaps between tissue

intertrigo; chafing

ureteric fold; interureteric fold; plica interureterica; torus uretericus

interval; space

intervascular; between vessels

intervention

interventional radigraphy; interventional radiology: radiology that combines organ system radiography, catheter techniques and sectional imaging

protrusion of an intervertebral disk

intervertebral disk

slipped disk; intervertebral disk displacement; prolapsed disk; herniated disk

intervertebral disks

intervertebral foramen

intervertebral; between two adjacent vertebrae

intra-intestinal

intestinal

gut flora; intestinal flora; bacterial content of the intestine; colon bacteria

intestinal loop

intestinal mucosa

parasitic worm; intestinal parasite

intestinal preparation; oral bowel prep

intestinal sound; intestinal probe; intestinal catheter

intestinal tract

large intestine

small intestine

intimacy

intima-pia

medical intolerance

quinine intoxication

intoxication; poisoning

intra-acinous; intra-acinar

intra-arachnoid

intra-articular arthrodesis

intracapsular

intracapsular hemorrhage; capsulo-ganglionic hemorrhage

intracavernous

intracisternal: within the subarachnoid cisternae

intracranial arteriovenous malformations

intracranial embolism

intracranial hematoma

intracranial hemorrhage; intracranial bleeding

hyperostosis frontalis interna; intracranial hyperostosis

intracranial pressure

intracranial thrombosis

intractable; irreversible

intracutaneous injection; intradermal injection

IDT; intracutaneous test; intradermal test

intradermal closure

intradermal inoculation

intradermoreaction

noninfiltrating intraductal carcinoma

intradural bleeding

int raepithelial

carcinoma in situ; intraepithelial carcinoma; preinvasive carcinoma: a lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin; a micro-invasion

cervical intraepithelial neoplasm: a malignancy confined to the uterine cervical epithelium; cervical carcinoma in situ

gamete intrafallopian transfer, GIFT involves hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, then laparoscopic follicular aspiration of oocytes, and transfer of sperm and oocytes; a technique for assisted conception in infertile women with normal fallopian tube

zygote intrafallopian transfer, ZIFT: technique in assisted reproduction consisting of hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, follicular aspiration of preovulatory oocytes, in-vitro fertilization, and intrafallopian transfer of zygotes at the pronuclear stage

intragastric

intragenic recombination

intraindividual; within the individual

intramolecular

intramuscular; within the muscle

intraneural injection; endoneural injection

intraocular hemorrhage

intraocular pressure; ophthalmotonus

intraocular; within the eye

intraoperative complications

intraorbital: within the orbit

intraosseous injection; intraosseous infusion

endostal; intraosseous; intraosteal; periosteal

intraperitoneal

intrapulmonary

intrathecal; within the thecal sac surrounding the spinal cord

intrathoracic pressure

intrauterine

intrauterine device

IUD; intra-uterine device; coil; loop

intrauterine insemination; IUI; artificial insemination

intravaginal

intravaginal administration

disseminated intravascular coagulation

intravascular; within a blood vessel

IV; intravenous administration of a drug or fluid

junkie; intravenous drug user; intravenous drug abuser; I.V. drug abuser

intravenous immunoglobulin

i.v.; intravenous injection

intravenous; within a vein

intraventricular block

inherent; intrinsic; internal

introduction of fresh blood; blood replacement

introitus

intervening sequence; intron; intervening nucleotide sequence; intervening DNA sequence

introversion

to introvert; to turn inward upon itself

introvert; introverted

blind intubation; endotracheal intubation

intubation; inserting a tube into a hollow organ

gastric intubation; nasogastric intubation; esophageal intubation; instilling liquid foods or substances, or withdrawing gastric contents

oropharyngeal intubation; orotracheal intubation

intuition

intumescent; swelling up; swollen

intussusception

to invalidate

invasive stage; invasion

invasive carcinoma, expanding cancer; invasive cancer

a non-invasive diagnostic procedure, a non-invasive method of diagnosis

minimally invasive surgical procedures

invasive; involving an operation

invasiveness; neoplasm invasiveness: the ability of a neoplasm to infiltrate & destroy surrounding tissue

inverse

inversion of uterus during birth

invert sugar

iodide peroxidase

iodination; iodine disinfection

radioactive iodine

tincture of iodine

iodine

iodine radioisotopes

iodide therapy; iodotherapy; treatment with iodine

iodine-I; hexahydrate calcium iodate; anhydrous calcium iodate; sodium iodide; potassium iodide

iodophor

iodopsin: a photosensitive chemical in the cones of the retina

ion density

ion pump

ion activity; ionic activity

ionic bond, adsorption immobilization

ionization

compensated ionization chamber

electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

ionizing particle

ionogram

iontophoresis: therapeutic introduction of ions of soluble salts into tissues by means of electric current

ionotherapy; iontophoresis; iontherapy; ionic medication; iontotherapy

ipecac: an emetic

ipodate

ipratropium bromide: a muscarinic antagonist used to treat bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic

ipratropium bromide: an anticholinergic drug which is a parasympathetic antagonist

ipriflavone

kerato-iridocyclitis

iridocyclitis; eye inflammation

iridotomy

septic iritis

iritis; eye irritation

iron compounds

iron deficiency

iron metabolism

iron metabolism disorders

iron radioisotopes

dietary iron; iron in your diet

iron-dextran complex

irradiance; radiant-flux density

to irradiate

treating irradiated individuals; treating persons exposed to radiation

irradiated milk: milk exposed to ultra-violet light to develop vitamin D

accidental irradiation in the workplace

therapeutic irradiation; radiation therapy; radiotherapy

irrational behavior

irrationality

irreversible

irreversible inhibitors

verified irreversible sterility

irrigating a wound

irrigation syringe; vesicle syringe

lavage; irrigation; washing out

irrigator

irritable bowel disease

irritable bowel syndrome

irritable; cranky; touchy; short-tempered; in a bad mood

irritants

skin irritation

irritation

Isaacs' syndrome; myokymia, continuous neuromyotonia; pseudomyotonia: a rare neuromuscular disorder

intestinal ischemia, bowel ischemia, ischemia of the colon

ischemia; inadequate blood flow; a low oxygen state due to inadequate blood flow & hypoxia in the tissue; localized tissue anemia due to obstruction of the flow of arterial blood

transient ischemic attack, mini-stroke; little stroke: a transient blockage of an artery in the cerebrum causing temporary numbness or impaired function of a part, slowed mentation, speech defects, dizziness & nausea

ischemic brain cell; blood-deprived brain cell

made ischemic by experimental methods

Volkmann's ischemic contracture; Volkmann's contracture; ischemic muscular atrophy

ischemic heart disease; ischemic myocardial disease

ischemic hepatitis

ischemic seizure; ischemic attack

ischemic stroke (in the brain)

ischial bone; ischium

bi-ischial diameter

posterior ischial width

ischiatic hernia

ischiatic lymph node

ischiocapsular

ischuria spastica

iso-anaphylaxis

isocitrate dehydrogenase: an enzyme in cell mitochondria that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to yield 2-ketoglutarate, carbon dioxide & NADH

isocratic

DFP; isofluorophate; diisopropyl fluorophosphate; a toxic cholinergic agent that acts by irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase

fetal isoimmunization

isoimmunization; iso-immunization

iso-immunoreaction

to isolate

isoleucine

positional isomer

isomer

optical isomer; antimeride; mirror-image isomer

isomeric state

isoniazid; isonicotinoylhydrazine

isoprenoid lipid

isopropyl phenyl carbamate; propham

isopropylamine

isosmotic

isosorbide dinitrate

isotherapy

isotonic solution: a solution in which body cells can be bathed without a net flow of water across the semipermeable cell membrane

stable isotope-labeled drug

Roaccutane®; isotretinoin

isoxsuprine

isthmus

isthmus uteri

barley itch, grain itch, prairie itch, straw itch, swamp itch, Texas mange

pruritis; itch, itching (substantive)

itchy, itching (adjective)

iter dentium; iter dentis: the route or routes by which one or more teeth erupt

itraconazole: a triazole antifungal agent

IUD insertion

Jacobson's organ

Jacod syndrome

Janeway spots; Janeway lesions

Jansen operation

to jar, to jolt, to bump, to jostle

jarring movement, jolt

jaundice; icterus: a yellowish pigmentation of the skin caused by the deposition of bile pigments (bilirubin)

jaw; mandible

lower jawbone, mandible

jawbone; lower jaw

jejunal

jejunoileal bypass: anastomosis of the proximal part of the jejunum to the distal portion of the ileum

jejunostomy: a surgical opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum for enteral hyperalimentation

jejunum; part of the small intestine

jellyfish sting; medusa sting

jet lag

jet of water (in pool); water jet

job satisfaction

jogging

atlanto-axial joint

joint

hip joint replacement

joint replacement implant

plane joint, gliding joint

movable joint; true joint; synovial joint

major joints

Jolliffe syndrome

Machado-Joseph disease; spinocerebellar ataxia type 3; autosomal dominant striatonigral degeneration

journalists

impaired judgment, alteration in judgment; deficient judgment

jugular artery

jugular foramen

jugular fossa

glomus jugulare; jugular glomus: a nonchromaffin paraganglion in the wall of the jugular bulb

jugular vein

junctional activity

terminal bar; junctional complex

ectopic junctional tachycardia: atrioventricular nodal tachycardia: tachycardia in the conduction tissues surrounding the atrioventricular node

juncture

Junin virus: the virus that causes Argentinean hemorrhagic fever

juvenile

juvenile delinquency

juvenile psychology

tropical splenomegaly; kala-azar; visceral leishmaniasis

Sturge-Weber syndrome; Kalischer's syndrome; Krabbe's II syndrome; encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis; Parkes Weber's syndrome; Sturge's syndrome; Sturge-Kalischer-Weber syndrome; Sturge-Weber disease; Sturge-Weber-Dimitri syndrome

kallikrein

Kallman's syndrome; olfactogenital dysplasia

kanamycin kinase; neomycin phosphotransferase; aminoglycoside phosphotransferase

kaolin; an antidiarrheal agent

Kaposi sarcoma, Kaposi syndrome; Kaposi's sarcoma

kaposi varicelliform eruption

digestive Kaposi's sarcoma

karyokinesis

caryolysis; karyolysis: the destruction of a cell's nucleus; chromatolysis

karyotype, caryotype; set of chromosomes

XYY karyotype; XYY genotype; double Y chromosome; a genetic disorder in males characterized by an extra Y chromosome

spectral karyotyping: the simultaneous identification of all chromosomes from a cell by fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific florescent probes

kava kava; kava; methysticum; piper methysticum: a dried rhizome and roots of piper methysticum, a shrub native to oceania and known for its anti-anxiety & sedative properties

Kawasaki syndrome; mucocutaneous lymph mode syndrome; Kawasaki disease

keloidal acne; keloid acne; folliculitis keloidalis; keloidal folliculitis; folliculitis cheloidalis

keloid, cheloid, cheloma

keratectomy

keratin

keratinized cell

keratinocyte: a skin cell of the keratinized layer of epidermis

keratinous

herpetic keratitis

leprotic keratitis

superficial keratitis

xerotic keratitis

keratitis; conjunctivitis

infectious keratoconjunctivitis

keratoconjunctivitis

keratoconjunctivitis sicca: drying & inflammation of the conjunctiva due to lack of tears

keratoconjunctivitis; conjunctivitis

phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis; conjunctivitis lymphatica; eczematous conjunctivitis; phlyctenular conjunctivitis

keratolysis

keratolytic; product to produce skin shedding

LASIK; keratomileusis; laser in situ; correction of myopia by laser surgery

penetrating keratoplasty; total keratoplasty

hereditary keratosis

keratosis

keratosis follicularis acneiformis, keratosis follicularis contagiosa type Morrow-Brooke

keratosis follicularis; follicular keratosis

keratosis labialis

keratosis pigmentosa

congenital keratosis with bullae

actinic keratosis, solar keratosis; keratoma senilis, senile keratosis

senile keratosis; actinic keratosis

radial keratotomy

kernicterus: jaundice in a newborn baby with high blood level of the pigment bilirubin deposited in the brain, resulting in brain damage

ketamine: a cyclohexanone derivative used to induce anesthesia

diabetic ketoacidosis: severe, out-of-control diabetes that needs emergency treatment

ketoglutarate

ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

alpha-ketoglutaric acid

ketone

ketones; ketone bodies; acetone bodies

ketonuria; acetonuria

kidney (organ); kidneys

end-stage kidney disease, terminal renal disease; ESRD

kidney diseases

kidney dish; pus basin

kidney donor

acute kidney failure

kidney failure

chronic kidney failure, anuresis, anuria

kidney transplant

kidney tumor; tumor of the kidney

gouty kidney; gout nephropathy

killer T cell; cytotoxic T lymphocyte; cytotoxic T cell

natural killer; natural killer cell; NK cell

186 kinase

(neurology) kindling: a profound alteration in brain function resulting from repeated electrical or chemical stimulation, culminating in electrographic and behavioral convulsions whenever the stimulus is re-applied

kinematics; kinematic

kinesthesis; kinesthesia; kinesthetic memory; sensation of movement; proprioception

kinetic; motion-related

cell cycle kinetics

kinetics of immobilized catalysts

kinetics; theory of motion; mechanics

kissing ulcer

klebsiella bronchitis

klebsiella ozaenae; Abel's bacillus

klebsiella: a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in the intestinal tract

kleptolagnia

Kluver-Bucy syndrome: a severe disorder caused by damage to the temporal lobe or the limbic system and characterized by cognitive & sexual disturbances

to knead, kneading

knee

deep knee bend

knee joint

artificial knee joint; knee-joint prosthesis

knee ligaments

knee pads

knee splint

back of the knee; popliteal space, popliteal fossa

kneecap; patella

knee-chest position; genupectoral position

to kneel

knees

carving knife

knockout mouse: a lab mouse whose genome contains a gene whose function has been disrupted, or "knocked-out"

knowledge; wisdom

knowledgeable

knuckle

knuckle-bending splint

Koebner phenomenon

Köhler's disease

koilonychia; coilonychia; getting thin, brittle fingernails

Koplik's spots

Kugelberg-Welander muscular atrophy

Kussmaul's respiration; a gasping respiration

kwashiorkor

kyphosis; cyphosis

tracer atom; labeled atom; tagged atom: a radioactive and traceable atom

labeling

labia (of the female genitalia)

labia majora

labial glands

labial hernia

labial hyperplasia

labile; unstable

onset of labor

labor pain

induced labor; induced delivery

prolonged labor; protracted labor

medical laboratory

lab report; laboratory report

pathological laboratory, pathology laboratory

microbiology laboratory; microbiological laboratory

labyrinth

labyrinth fistula; labyrinthine fistula; fistula of the semicircular canal; paralabyrinthitis

labyrinthic syndrome; labyrinthine syndrome: vestibular syndrome

laceration; flesh wound

maudlin; lackadaisical, apathetic

lacrimal bone

lacrimal ducts, tear ducts

lacrimal nerve

lacrimal; tear-related

beta-lactam antibiotic

beta-lactamase

ethacridine lactate

magnesium lactate

LDH, lactate dehydrogenase

sodium lactate, E325

calcium lactate, E327

to lactate, to nurse, to suckle; to breast feed a baby

lactation; milk production

lactic acid bacteria; lactic ferment; lactic bacteria

E270 lactic acid; lactic acids

lactic fermentation

lactobacillus acidophilus

lactobacillus plantarum

lactoferrin

lactogenesis; galactopoiesis

lactogenic hormone, lactation hormone

lactose intolerance; intolerance to cow's milk protein; lactase deficiency

lactose tolerance test

lactose; milk sugar

lactulose: a synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy

stammering; lallation; lalling

lambda chain

phage lambda; lambda phage; bacteriophage lambda; lambda prophage; coliphage lambda

lamina

laminectomy: surgery to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve root that is being caused by a slipped or herniated disk in the lumbar spine

medical LAN (local area network), hospital computer system

blood lancet

ultrasonic lancet

lancet for vaccination

land mine

acquired epileptic aphasia; Landau-Kleffner syndrome; acquired childhoood aphasia with convulsive disorder

islets of Langerhans (cells in the pancreas that secrete glycogen and insulin); Langerhans cells

De Lange's syndrome; Cornelia de Lange syndrome; Amsterdam type dwarfism

language

language disorders

lanolin, wool wax, wool grease

lansoprazole: a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

lanugo: the downy hair covering a fetus

laparoschisis; gastroschisis

laparoscope

laparoscopic surgery; laparoscopy; keyhole surgery

exploratory laparotomy;

laparotomy; Battle incision

laryngeal brush

laryngeal cartilage; cartilage of the larynx

laryngeal catalepsy

laryngeal diseases

laryngeal erysipelas; peripharyngeal phlegmon

laryngeal glands

laryngeal intubation; laryngeal catheterization; cannulation

intubating laryngeal mask airway: a type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation

laryngoscope; laryngeal mirror

recurrent laryngeal nerve; inferior laryngeal nerve

laryngectomy

cantus galli; laryngismus stridulus; pseudocroup; spasm of glottis; phrenoglottic spasm; subglottic laryngitis; acute spasmodic laryngitis

thymic asthma; Kopp's asthma; laryngismus; laryngeal spasm; spasm of the larynx; phrenoglottic spasm

laryngitis; sore throat

laryngocele: an air sac communicating with the larynx through the ventricle

fiber optic laryngoscope

rigid laryngoscope

infectious laryngotracheitis

acute laryngotracheobronchitis; croup; diphtheritic croup

artificial larynx, artificial voice box; voice prosthesis

larynx, voice box

laser beam

laser scalpel

laser surgery: using a laser either to vaporize surface lesions or to make bloodless cuts in tissue

laser therapy

lasix, eye surgery to correct myopia

Lassa fever: a severe form of epidemic fever

Lassa virus: a member of Arenaviridae

lassitude; weariness, fatigue; exhaustion

latency stage; window period; latency period

latency; dormancy; a period in which the infection is present in the host without producing overt symptoms

latent period; latent time; inactive period

lateral angle of scapula

lateral deviation

lateral horn of spinal cord

ankle lateral ligament

lateral root of the median nerve

lateral root, secondary root

lateral sacral arteries

lateral separation

lateral; sideways, towards the side

laterality

latex fixation test; latex agglutination test: a passive agglutination test in which antigen is adsorbed onto latex particles which then clump in the presence of an antibody specific to the adsorbed antigen

latex allergy; latex hypersensitivity; allergy to latex; rubber allergy

latex skin-prick test

ammonium lauryl sulfate

gastric lavage

uterine lavage, embryo flushing

osmotic laxative; bulk laxative

laxative; remedy for constipation; vacuant

lay experts

lay care; lay health care

scrape-off layer

a layer of tissue

lead

PbO2; lead dioxide; plumbic anhydride

lead poisoning anemia

lead poisoning dyscrasia

lead poisoning; lead intoxication; plumbism

tetra-ethyl lead poisoning; lead tetraethyl poisoning

it's possible that lead reaches the mother's milk via the bloodstream

lead-induced laryngeal paralysis

lead-induced parotitis

information leaflet; handout, flyer

leak; leakage

to lean back, to bend backwards

to lean forward, to bend over

to lean out of a window

learning curve

learning disabilities; learning disorders

person with a learning disability; dyslexic person

learning process

Leboyer method of delivery

lecture; conference

artificial leech

medicinal leech

leflunomide

LeFort type 2 fracture

left; sinister

left-handed

leg ulcers

legal status of the child conceived

Perthes disease; Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: a common form of osteochondrosis

legionnaire's disease

legislation

leiomyoma: a benign tumor in the stomach or esophagus consisting of smooth muscle fibers; fibroid tumor

uterine leiomyoma: a benign tumor in the uterus; uterine fibroid

leiomyomatosis: having multiple leiomyomas throughout the body

leiomyosarcoma

cutaneous leishmaniasis

leishmaniasis; Leishmania infection

pastimes, leisure activities; hobbies; recreational activities

spare time, leisure time; time off

lemon balm; citronella; lemon balm

length

lentiform; lenticular; related to a lens; lentil shaped

senile lentigo; liver spots

leper colonies

leprostatic agents

leprosy; Hansen's disease

leprous conjunctivitis

leptin; OB protein

Noguchi leptospira

leptospira bacteria

leptospirosis, Weil's disease; infectious jaundice

lesbian; lesbian woman

choreoathetosis self-mutilation hyperuricemia syndrome; Lesch-Nyhan syndrome; hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyl-transferase deficiency disease

lesion; injury, affected area

skin lesions

absolute lethal concentration

lethal concentration

minimum lethal dose

lethal dose of radiation

dominant lethal gene

lethal gene

lethal threshold dose

lethal; deadly

lethargy

Letterer-Siwe disease; an acute form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis

leucine

leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia

leucovorin; calcium leucovorin; citrovorum factor: the active metabolite of folic acid

acute leukemia

leukemia

leukemia cell line

lymphocytic leukemia; lymphoid leukemia; lymphoblastic leukemia; lymphatic leukemia; lymphadenosis

plasma cell leukemia; plasmacytomatosis; plasmacytic leukemia

leukemic infiltration

leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type II

Human Leukocyte Antigen Test, HLA: a special blood test used to match a blood or bone marrow donor to a recipient for transfusion or transplant

human leukocyte antigen; HLA antigen system

leukocyte migration-inhibitory factors; factor inhibiting leukocyte migration

leukocyte, white blood cell; leucocyte

leukocytic infiltration

leukocytic; white blood cell-related

adrenaline leukocytosis

reactive leukocytosis

leukocytosis; increased white blood cell count

leukoderma; achromia; localized depigmentation

metachromatic leukodystrophy

globoid cell; leukodystrophy; Alexander syndrome

globoid cell leukodystrophy; Krabbe disease: an autosomal recessive inherited sphingolipidosis caused by a galactosylceramidase deficiency, leading to an accumulation of psychosine

globoid leukodystrophy; Krabbe's disease

leukoma; corneal opacity; a dense, white, opaque spot on the cornea

adherent leukoma; leukoma adhaerens

tabes dorsalis; leukomyelitis: inflammation of the white matter of the spinal cord

leukopenia

lymphocytic leukopenia; lymphopenia

leukopenia; reduced white blood cell count; leucopenia

hairy leukoplakia on the tongue

leukoplakia; leukoplasia; a white patch on a mucous membrane, leukokeratosis

smokers' leukoplakia; smoker's tongue; a precancerous condition

leukorrhea; vaginal discharge

leukotriene: a hormone derived from arachidonate

leuprorelin; leuprolide: a potent and long acting analog of naturally-occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gonadorelin)

L-tetramisole; levamisole: an immune response enhancer

levator -

leviviridae

levivirus

L-dopa; levodopa: a natural form of dopa & immediate precursor of dopamine

levonorgestrel

levopropoxyphene: a narcotic analgesic

levothyroxine sodium

Lewy body disease

reduced libido, decreased sex drive

libido, sexual impulse: psychic drive or energy associated with sexual instinct in the broad sense

Libman-Sacks disease; Libman-Sacks syndrome; atypical verrucous endocarditis; nonbacterial verrucous endocarditis

(plural): lice; (singular): louse

hypertrophic lichen

Wilson's lichen; lichen planus; lichen acuminatus: an inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin & mucous membranes

Csillag disease; lichen sclerosus et atrophicus; dermatitis lichenoides chronica atrophicans; white spot disease

lichenification; skin hardening and thickening

to lick

licofelone: an antiinflammatory osteoarthritis treatment

ferrocene-lidocaine complex

lidocaine hydrochloride: a local anesthetic

to lie on the table face up; to lie on your back; to lie flat

life event; stressful event

stressful events; life events

life expectancy

life skills; living skills

life support; life support equipment; life support system; life support care

emergency life support; resuscitation

lifeskills

lifestyle

life-threatening hemorrhage

lifting and handling

Betz ligament

Camper ligament

Denucé ligament

torn ligament

ligament

desmopathy; ligamentous disease

ligamentu

ligase: enzymes of the lyase class when the synthetic aspect of the reaction is dominant or emphasized; synthetase

tubal ligation, tubal ligature; having a woman's tubes tied; ligating of the uterine tubes; tubal sterilization

light pollution

light-headed, dizzy, lightheaded; woozy

lightheadedness

lignin

to limber up, to warm up

limbic encephalitis

limbic system: a group of subcortical structures (the hypothalamus, the hippocampus & the amygdala) of the brain that are concerned with emotion & motivation

limbic; edge-related, border

biological limit value

limitation; limit

let your body go limp

to limp, hobble

limping, lameness, claudication

LAL test, limulus ameobocyte lysate test

gamma-benzene hexachloride; lindane: an organochlorine insecticide that may cause cancer

vergeture; linea albicante; stretch marks; striae atrophicae; striae cutis distensae

linear

lingua -

lingual frenum

sex linkage

linkage

linkage group; liaison group

linker DNA; adapter DNA; synthetic DNA linker; adapter oligonucleotide

linker; adaptor oligonucleotide; synthetic adaptor; synthetic linker; adaptor DNA; synthetic DNA linker

linolenic acid

upper lip

lipid A -main component of the outer membrane of bacterial cells; a type of cholesterol

lipid bilayer, double lipid layer

lipid peroxidation

lipid: a heterogeneous, water-insoluble group of fats and fatlike substances

lipid-lowering medication; antihyperlipidemic agent; lipid lowering drug; hypolipemic drug

lipids

lipodystrophy; fat metabolism disturbance

intestinal lipodystrophy; Whipple's disease: a disorder marked by diarrhea with fatty stools, arthritis, emaciation, and weakness, with deposits of fat in the intestinal lymphatic tissue

lipofuscin: a naturally occurring lipid pigment in various normal tissues

lipolysis; breakdown of fat

lipolytic

lipoma; a benign fatty tumor

lipomatosis

lipomatous nephritis

lipomatous; characterized by the presence of a lipoma

lipophilic; with an affinity for fat

LPS; lipopolysaccharide

low-density lipoprotein, "bad cholesterol", LDL

high-density lipoprotein, the so-called "good cholesterol"; HDL lipoprotein

lipoprotein; any complex of fat and protein

lipo-soluble; fat-soluble; soluble in fat; oil-soluble

liposome; fatty or oily globule

liposuction

lipoxydase; lipoxygenase

lips, labia

liquid dressing for a wound; liquid bandage

liquid, liquor, fluid, solution

liquifilm; thin liquid layer of coating

2 liquor; booze; alcoholic drinks

1 liquor; liquid; fluid; an aqueous solution

Prinivil; lisinopril; Zestril; an ACE-inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure

listeria: Listeria monocytogenes; a small, Gram-positive, motile, aerobic to microaerophilic, asporogenous rod that grows in chains or filaments

listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes infection

listless, wan, apathetic

apathy; listlessness

lithium; lithium carbonate

lithium salts

dorsal lithotomy position; dorsosacral position

lithotripsy

laser lithotripsy; laser-induced shockwave lithotripsy; pulsed dye laser lithotripsy; LISL

livedo; mottling

artificial liver

transparietal liver biopsy

primary liver cancer

liver cancer

primary liver cancer

liver disorders

acute liver failure

liver microsomal metabolism

liver profile; hepatic profile

liver scan, hepatic scintigraphy

livid: grayish blue; of a lead color; discolored, such as flesh by contusion; black & blue

lividity

living conditions

livor mortis, postmortem lividity

initial dose; loading dose, initial dosage

lobe

cerebral lobectomy

chronic lobular sclerosing glomerulonephritis

local

local government

localization; locating

lochia; post-birth vaginal discharge, afterbirth

don't lock your knees

lockjaw, tetanus, gnathospasm

locomotion

locomotor; movement-related

locoregional

locus of control; locus control region

locus of control

loin, upper part of back (usually an animal term)

loneliness

long terminal repeat

long-acting drug

longevity, long life; length of life

longitudinal study; longitudinal research

long-term memory

long-term unemployment

Sustanon; Testex; Lontanyl; Estandrorm; Testex: a blend of testosterone components

sterile loop

loop; ring

C29H33ClN2O2 loperamide hydrochloride: a synthetic antidiarrheal agent that slows intestinal peristalsis and is administered to control acute nonspecific diarrhea

loratadine: a second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

loratidine

lorazepam: an anxiolytic benzodiazepine; ativan

lordosis; cvurvature of the spine

lordotic projection

losartan: an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity

Lotronex; Alosetron: a drug used to treat irritable bowel syndrome

Louis-Bar syndrome; ataxia telangiectasia; Boder-Sedgwick syndrome

crab louse; pubic louse

lovastatin

low back pain

LDL low-density lipoprotein

waist; lower back; small of back

lower limbs; legs; lower extremities

lower lobe

lower part of abdomen; pubic region, groin

asymptomatic low-grade lymphoma

luciferase

luetic; syphilitis-related

lukewarm water

lukewarm; tepid

lumbago

lumbar

lumbar hernia

lumbar rigidity

lumbar spondylosis; lumbar spine syndrome; compression syndrome of the lumbar spine

the lumbar spine; the lumbar portion of the spinal column

lumbar sympathetic

lumbar sympathetic block

lumbar spine; lumbar vertebrae

lumbosacral stenosis; stenosis of the lumbar spine

transitional lumbosacral vertebra

lumbrical

lumen; inside of a blood vessel or inner diameter

the luminescent screen: generally consists of zinc sulphide with a few other materials

lump in the prostate gland

a lump in woman's breast

lump; nodule

segmental mastectomy; lumpectomy, tylectomy: removing only enough breast tissue to ensure that the margins of the resected surgical specimen are free of tumor

lung cancer

black lung disease; coal workers' pneumoconiosis, miners' black lung; colliers' anthracosis

the lungs; the right lung

progressive hepatitis; lupoid hepatitis; chronic active hepatitis; plasma cell hepatitis; autoimmune hepatitis

systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE, disseminated erythematosus lupus, erythematosus lupus: a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, & kidneys

lupus erythematosus; Biett disease

discoid lupus erythematosus; chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, a chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (lupus erythematosus, cutaneous) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form

lupus nephritis;

lupus; systemic lupus erythematosus; lupus vasculitis of the central nervous system

luteal phase; progestational phase; secretory phase

luteinizing hormone; interstitial cell-stimulating hormone; lutropin; a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary

flavus; luteus; yellow

luxation of the clavicle

luxation of the lens: incomplete rupture of the zonule with the displaced lens remaining behind the pupil

luxation of the patella, dislocation of the kneecap

wrist luxation, radiocarpal joint luxation

luxation: dislocation of a bone from its joint

luxation; dislocation

lyase

lycopene: a red pigment & antioxidant found in tomatoes. It is isomeric with carotene

lye, caustic soda

Lyme disease: a tick-transmitted inflammatory disorder that begins with a skin rash & may be followed weeks later by neurological, cardiac, or joint abnormalities

axillary lymph node

gastric lymph node

hepatic lymph node

parotid lymph node

submaxillary lymph node

lymph node excision

lymph node of the kidneys

inflamed lymph nodes, buboes (in the armpit)

lymph nodes, lymph glands

swollen lymph nodes; enlarged lymph nodes

lymph, plasma, normal body fluid

lymphadenectomy

lymphadenectomy; adenotomy

lymphadenitis

mesenteric lymphadenitis; mesenteric adenitis

lymphadenopathy; lymph node disease; swollen lymph glands

LAM; lymphangioleiomyomatosis

lymphangitis; lymphatic vessel inflammation

lymphatic

lymphatic bundle

lymphatic drainage; lymph drainage

lymphatic nodules of vermiform appendix

lymphatic system

lymphatic system disorder

lymphatic system disorders

lymphatic vessel; lymph vessel

status lymphaticus; lymphatism; lymph disease

lymphoedema; lymphedema; Milroy's disease

lymphnoduli; lymph nodules; lymph glands

acute lymphoblast leukemia (ALL); lymphogenous leukemia; lymphoid leukemia

follicle lymphocyte

B cell; B lymphocyte cell; bursa-derived lymphocyte; bursa equivalent lymphocyte; bursal lymphoid cell

lymphocyte depletion

lymphocyte marker

lymphocyte; achroacyte, leukomonocyte, lymph corpuscle, lymphoid cell, lymphoid leukocyte

helper lymphocyte; helper cell; T4 cell

mature lymphocyte; immune lymphocyte

lymphocytic differentiation

lymphocytic infiltrate

chronic lymphocytic leukemia; acute B-cell leukemia

acute lymphocytic leukemia; B-cell leukemia

lymphocytic lymphoma; lymphosarcoma; lymphocytoma

interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia

lymphocytic; white blood cell-related

lymphocytoma; well-differentiated lymphocytic malignant lymphoma

hunger lymphocytosis

human T-cell lymphocytotropic virus; human immunodeficiency virus; HIV

lymphogranuloma

venereal lymphogranuloma; lymphogranuloma venereum

benign lymphogranulomatosis; Boeck's sarcoid; lupus pernio; sarcoidosis

lymphoid

lymphoid follicle

lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis

total lymphoid irradiation; lymphatic irradiation

fatty lymphoid tissue; connective tissue; lymphatic tissue

lymphokine: a soluble mediator produced by lymphocytes in response to reaction with specific antigens

lymphokine-activated killer cell

cerebral lymphoma with tumorous lesion

lymphoma, lymphoid cancer

Burkitt's lymphoma: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

cerebral lymphoma; brain lymphoma

lymphoma; cancer of the lymph system

mantle-cell lymphoma; diffuse, poorly-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma; centrocytic small-cell lymphoma; germinoblastic lymphoma: lymphoma with cells derived from the follicular centers of lymphoid tissue

malignant lymphoma; high-grade lymphoma

diffuse lymphoma; lymphosarcoma

x-linked lymphoproliferative disease; x-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome; Duncan's syndrome

lymphoreticular malignancy

benign lymphoreticulosis, cat scratch disease

lymphotoxin: a substance released by lymphocytes that is cytotoxic to other cells

lyophilizate; freeze-dried product; lyophilisate

lyophilization; freeze-drying; the creation of a stable preparation of a biological substance, such as blood plasma, by rapid freezing & dehydration of the frozen product under high vacuum

LSD-25; lysergic acid diethylamide; d-lysergic acid diethylamide: a semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea)

lysine

lysis: a process of disintegration or dissolution (of cells)

lysogenic bacteria

phage conversion; lysogenic conversion

lysogenic immunity

lysogeny; lysogenicity: relationship between a temperate bacteriophage & a bacterium

leukocyte elastase; lysosomal elastase; polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase; PMN elastase: an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins, including elastin

lysosome: a cellular organelle that contains various hydrolytic enzymes, present in almost all cells

lysozyme: in saliva, an important antibacterial defense, particularly against gram-positive bacteria

lytic cocktail

lytic cycle

direct lytic factors; cobra cardiotoxin: an abundant protein found in cobra venom; cobra venom factor

lytic; related to lysis or cell destruction

M

maceration; soaking, softening of tissues

machismo: sexist attitude; male chauvinism

hyperlucent thorax; Macleod syndrome; Swyer-James syndrome; unilateral hyperlucent lung syndrome

macrobiotic

macrocephaly; megalencephaly

macrocythemia; macrocytosis; megalocytosis: enlargement of the red blood cells; a red cell mean corpuscular volume of greater than 100 fl

neuroglial cells; macroglia; astroglia; astrocytes

macroglobulin

macroglobulinemia: a plasma cell dyscrasia resembling leukemia with cells of lymphocytic, plasmacytic, or intermediate morphology, which secrete an immunoglobulin m monoclonal component

macrolide antibiotics: group of antibiotics containing a macrocyclic lactone ring glycosidically linked to one or more sugar moieties

macrolide: an antibiotic produced by various strains of Streptomyces that inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the 50S ribosomal subunit

biological macromolecule

macron, macroscopic particle

foreign body macrophage

macrophage

MAF, Macrophage Activating Factor: an agent secreted by stimulated lymphocytes that stimulates macrophages to attack and ingest cancer cells

macrophage migration

macrophage migration inhibitory factor

alveolar macrophage; alveolar phagocyte; dust cell

peritoneal macrophages: mononuclear phagocytes resident in the peritoneum

macrophytes

macroscopic properties of plasma

macroscopic: large enough to be observed by the naked eye

macula

macula lutea; a yellow area in the retina, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and just below the level of the optic disk

macular degeneration; maculopathy

cystoid macular edema; Irvine's syndrome

macule; small, flat spot

maculopapular; small spot-related

magic mushrooms; hallucinogenic toadstools

magnesium

magnesium clofibrate

magnesium sulphate

magnetic field

MRI; magnetic resonance imaging

cerebral MRI; magnetic resonance imaging of the brain; MRI of the brain

laryngeal MRI; magnetic resonance imaging of the larynx

diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; diffusion MRI

functional magnetic resonance imaging; functional MRI

interventional magnetic resonance imaging; interventional MRI

magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain

nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; radio frequency spectroscopy

magnifying glass

maintenance dose

oligogene; major gene: a pair of alleles controlling characters that are pronounced enough to be detected

major; important

to put on make-up, to do one's face

malabsorption syndrome: a condition in which digestion & absorption in the small intestine are impaired

malabsorption syndromes

malabsorption; impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients

malaise; vague illness

malaria

malate dehydrogenase: an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate & NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH

malathion

maleate: the ion from maleic acid, often used in biological buffers

malformation; deformity

radiation-induced malignancy

malignancy: 1 potential of a tumor to metastasize; 2 a cancerous tumor

tumor cell; malignant cell; cancer cell

Bazin malignant exfoliative herpetide

malignant hyperthermia

malignant melanoma, naevo-carcinoma, melanoblastoma

non-malignant tumor, benign tumor, neoplasm

multiple malignant tumors; multiple malignant neoplasms

malignant: having the properties of anaplasia, invasion & metastasis

to malinger, to feign illness, to shirk

malleable hand splint

malleolar eversion fracture

malleolus

malleus: the auditory ossicle attached to the membrana tympani

malnourished; underfed

secondary malnutrition

malnutrition

undernutrition; malnutrition, inanition; malnourishment

dental malocclusion

malpighian corpuscles; renal corpuscles

medical malpractice liability insurance

medical malpractice: failure of a physician to render proper services through reprehensible ignorance or negligence, or through criminal intent

maltodextrin; dextri-maltose

mamillary body; mamillary plexus; corpora candicantia

artificial mammalian chromosome; mammalian artificial chromosome

mammary gland

experimental mammary neoplasms

mammary neoplasms

mammary; breast-related

mammilaris

missed-lesion mammogram

screening mammogram (an x-ray of the breast)

mammography screening, breast cancer screening, mammogram

mammaplasty; mammoplasty, breast surgery

managed care (bureaucracy of insurance companies & health maintenance organizations)

management

managers

mandatory reporting

mandible

mandibular condyle

jaw joint; mandibular joint; TMJ; temporomandibular joint

mandibulofacial dysostosis

mandibulofacial dysostosis; cranio-mandibulo-facial dysostosis

mange mites

mangy, scabbed

mania

maniac; lunatic; disturbed person

manic

manic depressive disease; manic-depression; manic-depressive illness; manic-depressive disorder; manic-depressive psychosis

bipolar manic-depressive illness

bipolar manic-depressive illness; manic-depressive psychosis

manic-depressive psychosis

manifest; visible, evident

manifestation; sign, indication

manipulation of the genome

mannose

esophageal manometry

manometry of the small intestine

manometry: measurement of the pressure or tension of a liquid

manubrium

manubrium

manubrium

manufacturing industry

manufacturing industry

manus -h

C20H23N HCl maprotiline: an antidepressant drug used to relieve depression such as in bipolar disorder

nutritional marasmus; athrepsia; nutritional cachexia; nutritional atrophy; infantile atrophy

marasmus; phthisis; cachexia

shuffling gait; marche à petits pas

marijuana

marijuana abuse

extra-marital birth

marital status; civil status

marker enzyme

market orientation

marketing

marriage marriage counseling, relationship counseling

bone marrow metaphase

masculine; male

mass

mass communication

mass media

mass motility

mass spectrometer

facial massage

to massage

massage

massage

massage

massage

massage apparatus; massaging device

vibro-massage machine; vibrator; vibratory-massage device

massage therapist

massage therapy

cardiac massage, heart massage

back massage; backrub

masseter

masseter

masseteri

masseur; masseuse

massive oral dose of calcium

massive; solid; extensive

mastectomy

extended radical mastectomy; amputation of the breast, the ipsilateral half of the sternum and part of ribs two through five with their underlying pleura and the internal mammary lymph nodes`

radical mastectomy; Halsted's operation; amputation of the breast

mastication; chewing

masticato

masticatory diplegia

masticatory; chewing-related

mastitis; sore breasts

mastocyte; connective tissue cell, mast cell

mastodynia; breast pain

mastoid angle of parietal bone

mastoid cells

mastoid foramen

mastoid part of the temporal bone

mastoid process

artificial mastoid; mastoid simulator

artificial mastoid; mastoid simulator

mastoiditis; inner ear infection

mastopathy; aberration of normal development and involution; breast disease

to masturbate

masturbation

masturbation

materia medica; homeopathic pharmacology

material development

maternal and child health care

difficult delivery; maternal dystocia; difficult childbirth

maternal inheritance

maternity clinic

matrix

organic matrix; tissue matrix

maturase

upper jaw; maxilla; upper jawbone

maxillary artery

maxillary fracture

maxillary hiatus

maxillary nerve; superior alveolar nerve

maxillary sinus; the antrum of Highmore

maxillary sinusitis; empyema of maxillary sinus

maxillary; related to the upper jaw

maximal

MMI Maximum Medical Improvement

the maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in water

maximum; paroxysm

C16H13ClN2O mazindol: an adrenergic drug used as an appetite suppressant

black measles

measles virus

German measles, rubella

measles, rubeola

MMR vaccine; measles/mumps/rubella vaccine

measurement

to take measurements

meat substitute

meat; flesh

meatus

meatus of the urethra, urethral meatus; hole through which urine passes

mechanism

apexogram; mechanocardiography

stretch receptor; mechanoreceptor; Krause's end bulb; Meissner's corpuscle: a neural end organ (tactile receptor) that responds to a mechanical stimulus

stretch receptors; mechanoreceptors; Krause's end bulbs; Meissner's corpuscles; Ruffini's corpuscles; Golgi tendon organs; neurotendinous spindles: cells specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli

meconium: first fetal excretion of a newborn

tear of the medial meniscus, medial meniscus rupture

medial root of the median nerve

median; average

mediastinal cancer; mediastinal neoplasm

Hamman mediastinal emphysema; Hamman disease

mediastinal hernia

mediastinal lymph node; mediastinal lymph gland

mediastinal shift

mediastinal window

1. mediastinum; inter-pleural cavity: the median partition of the thoracic cavity, containing all of the thoracic viscera & structures except for the lungs

2. mediastinum; mediastinal cavity; a septum between two parts of an organ or a cavity

to mediate

mediator

Medicaid -government medical assistance to the poor & elderly

medical anthropology

emergency medical assistance service

medical assistant, doctor's assistant

medical attendant; medical support staff

to seek medical attention

medical audit

medical belt, back support

major medical benefits; major medical expense insurance

treatment; medical care; medical attention for the patient

objective medical decision making

active medical device

medical errors

medical evacuation sheet

independent medical examination, IME

medical adviser; medical examiner; a public officer who conducts autopsies to find the cause of death; pathologist

medical expert

medical fee; honorarium; doctor's fee

medical futility

medical care; medical help; medical aid

medical history

medical intoxication test; test for inebriation

doctor's medical kit

medical macrolanguage

official medical missions

medical officer of an institution

medical officer, examining doctor; medical examiner

general medical practice

collective medical practice; group practice

medical practice; practicing medicine

medical practitioner

medical progress

front desk staff; medical receptionist; doctor's receptionist; medical secretary

problem-oriented medical record

medical record linkage

problem-oriented medical records

hospital medical records department

computerized medical records systems; automated medical records systems

medical records; patient records

opposable medical references (OMR)

medical report

medical research; medical examinations

medical science

plant medical service; company medical service

medical specialist

medical student; student of medicine

assistant medical technician

biotelemetry; medical telemetry

medical tests; lab tests

medical treatment

regulated medical waste

medical waste disposal

qualified medical waste hauler

medicalization

medicalization

medically underserved area

medically uninsured

medical-pharmaceutical assistance

medical-technical

active medicament

medicamentous mixtures

Medicare; health insurance

to medicate, to treat with medicine

medicated bath

medicated canities

medicated compress; poultice

medicated; medicinal

medication based on alkaloids

medication in a bottle

generic medication, generic medicine; nonproprietary drugs

medication, medicament, medicine

medicinal

medicinal beer

medicinal extract

medicinal herbs; medicinal plants

medicinal mud; healing mudpack; fangotherapy; mud packs

data base on medicinal products

experimental medicine

herbalism; herbal medicine

industrial medicine

integrated medicine

proprietary medicine

social medicine

sports medicine

tropical medicine

medicine

medicine

medicine bottle

medicine cart; medicine wagon

medicine for human use

medicine for long-term use

medicine man; witch doctor

internal medicine: a medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the internal organ systems of adults

evidence-based medicine: the conscientious, explicit & judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of patients; clinical epidemiology

space medicine; aerospace medicine

environmental medicine; environmental hygiene; clinical ecology

folk medicine; indigenous medicine; primitive medicine; folk remedies; home remedies; ethnomedicine

occupational medicine; industrial medicine

forensic medicine; legal medicine; medical jurisprudence

medicine; medicament

preventive medicine; preventive care

respiratory medicine; respirology

medicines

using medicines; using medications

medico-social research

Mediterranean diet

familial mediterranean fever; Wolff peridodic disease; familial periodic disease

myelencephalon; medulla oblongata

spinal canal; medullary canal; central canal of the spinal cord

medullary carcinoma: a carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma.

medullary cavity

medullary syndrome

lateral medullary syndrome; lateral bulbar syndrome; posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome; Wallenberg syndrome; Wallenberg's syndrome

medullary; marrow-related

medulloblastoma

mefenamic acid

megakaryocyte; megacaryocyte: giant cell of bone marrow; erythrocyte monocyte

Hirschsprung disease; megacolon; colon enlargement

megaloblastic anemia

megaloblastic; large abnormal red blood cell

megalocornea; cornea globata

megaloureter; congenital megaureter

megestrol; megestrol acetate

reduction division; meiosis; allotypic nuclear division

meiotic disjunction

meiotic nondisjunction: the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during mitotic or meiotic cell division with the result that one daughter cell has two chromosomes (two chromatids) & the other has none

meiotic pairing

melanin: a pigment produced in a melanocyte; in the skin, it filters out the harmful effects of UV radiation

ectodermal melanoblast

melanoblast: a precursor of a melanocyte or melanophore

melanophore; melanocyte: an epidermal cell that produces melanin. Clusters of melanocytes often appear on the skin as moles.

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

melanocytic

melanodermia; melanoderma

melanoma: a malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin

skin melanoma; skin cancer, malignant melanoma, naevo-carcinoma, melanoblastoma

melanophages: histiocytes that have phagocytized melanin

arsenic melanosis

cloasma; melanosis; abnormal pigmentation; a disorder of increased melanin pigmentation

Hutchinson's melanotic freckle; malignant lentigo; precancerous melanosis of Dubreuilh; lentigo maligna

melanuria: the presence of melanins in the urine

melasma; blepharomelasma; blotchy skin

melatonin: a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland and implicated in the regulation of sleep and the establishment of circadian rhythms. Melatonin is also an effective free radical scavenger and antioxidant

melena; dark, blood-stained stools or vomit

melioidosis; malleoidosis; Whitmore's disease; Stanton's disease; pseudoglanders: a disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei

diabetes mellitus: a lack of insulin leading to uncontrolled carbohydrate metabolism; glucose intolerance caused by insufficient secretion of insulin

melphalan; melphalanum; sarcolysine

penis; member, male sex organ

lipid membrane

obturator membrane

membrane protein

membrane: a thin layer of tissue which covers a surface, lines a cavity or divides a space or organ

cell membrane; cell surface

dialysis membrane; semipermeable membrane

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

membranous; membranaceous

primed cells; memory cells: lymphocytes which retain the ability to proliferate & differentiate when an antigen is encountered again, long after the original immune response

memory deficit

memory disturbance, memory disorder, trouble remembering

memory loss, loss of memory, amnesia

memory training

explicit memory, declarative memory

false memory, mnemic delusion; memory illusion

implicit memory, procedural memory

men

menadiol sodium sulfate

menarche; first period, first menses

endolymphatic hydrops; Ménière's disease; aural vertigo; auditory vertigo; Ménière's syndrome; labyrinthine vertigo

meningeal arterio-venous fistula

meninges

meningioma: a tumor of the meninges which originates from clusters of arachnoid cells found in the villi and at points where cranial nerves & blood vessels traverse the dura

bacterial meningitis

meningitis

meningitis

meningitis

spinal meningitis, perimyelitis

concomitant meningitis; secondary meningitis

aseptic meningitis; viral meningitis

meningocele; meningeal herniation; herniation of the meninges

meningococcal meningitis; meningococcal cerebrospinal meningitis: an acute infectious disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis

meningococcosis; meningococcal infections

amoebic meningoencephalitis

meningomyelocele

meniscectomy; surgical excision of part of the meniscus

meniscus (plural: menisci); interarticular fibrocartilage

kinky hair syndrome; steely hair syndrome; Menkes kinky hair syndrome; Menkes syndrome: an X-linked inherited copper metabolism disorder characterized by the infantile onset of hypothermia, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, seizures, bony deformities & severe mental retardation

menopausal

human menopausal gonadotrophin

menopause

menopause

menopause

male menopause, male climacterium

menopause, the change of life

early menopause; climacterium praecox

menorrhagia; heavy periods

menotropin; menopausal gonadotropin

menstrual bleeding pattern, menstrual cycle

menstruation; menstrual blood loss

menstrual calendar

to be menstruating, to have one's period

menses; menstruation; periods

menstruation-inducing agents

menstruation-inducing agents; emmenagogues

mental competence: being of sound mind

mental cruelty

mental disorders

mental fatigue; psychological fatigue

mental health

mental health care

mental health promotion

mental health services

mental health services

mental hygiene; psychohygiene

mental impairment

mental processes

thinking; mental processing

mental recall

mental retardation, mental disorder; feeblemindedness; dementia; mental deficiency

mental status questionnaire; mental status schedule

mentally disabled persons

mentally disordered person; mentally ill person; psychiatric patient

C10H20O menthol

Demerol®; meperidine, isonipecaine, pethidine: a synthetic narcotic drug used as an analgesic, sedative, and antispasmodic

mercaptopurine

HgCl2 mercuric chloride; corrosive sublimate; a local anti-infective, topical antiseptic and disinfectant

merbromin; mercurochrome

colloidal mercury

mercury poisoning; mercurial poisoning; mercurialism, hydrargyrosis; poisoning by mercury

Hg, mercury; quicksilver

Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel's corpuscle; Merkel cell; Merkel's receptor: a tactile cell of neuroectodermal origin

mesenchymatous; mesenchymal

mesenchyme; embryonal connective tissue

mesenchymoma: a mixed mesenchymal tumor

mesenteric; involving the skin attaching various organs to the body

mesenterium; mesentery

meshed graft; mesh graft; accordeon graft: a split-thickness graft with multiple vertical cuts to allow expansion

outer layer of mesoblast; the external stratum of the mesoderm

mesocolon: (ascending; descending; sigmoid; transverse)

Leydig's duct; mesonephric duct; Wolffian duct; Gartner's duct

mesonephros; Wolffian body

mesothelioma

malignant mesothelioma: a cancer caused by exposure to asbestos

peritoneal mesothelioma; mesothelioma of the peritoneum

mesothelium

mRNA; messenger RNA; messenger ribonucleic acid

meta-analysis

exogenous metabolic activation system

metabolic activation system

inborn metabolic brain diseases

drug metabolic detoxification

inborn metabolic disease

metabolic diseases

metabolic disorder

metabolic disorders

metabolic lipid synthesis pathway

metabolic syndrome

peak metabolism

iron metabolism disorder

fasting metabolism; basal metabolic rate; basal metabolism

metabolism; permutation

bioavailable metabolite

metabolite

metabolite; any substance produced by metabolism

metabolization; processing

to metabolize, digest, assimilate

shaft of metacarpal bone

metacarpal bone

metacarpal hematoma

metacarpu

metalloproteinases: peptide hydrolases which use a metal in the catalytic mechanism

heavy metals

bone marrow metaphase

metaphase analysis of bone marrow cells

metaphase: the stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes become arranged in the equatorial plane of the spindle

metaphyseal dysplasia; craniometaphyseal dysplasia

metaphysis: transitional zone at which the diaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone come together

metaplasia; abnormal replacement of cells of one type by cells of another; abnormal tissue change

bone metastasis

cerebral metastasis

metastasis of neoplasm

metastasis suppressor gene

lymphatic metastasis: lymphogenous metastasis: the transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system

metastasis: transfer of a disease-producing agent (cancer or bacteria) from the original site of disease to another part of the body with a similar lesion developing in the new location

to metastasize: to spread by metastasis

metastatic gout

metasteroid diabetes

metatarsal

head of metatarsal bones

metatarsal bones

metatarsal; metatarsus: the part of the foot between the tarsa & the toes

meteorism of large intestine

metformin: a biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

methadone

C21N27N0 HC1 methadone hydrochloride: a synthetic narcotic pain reliever used to treat heroin-addicted persons

methadone maintenance for heroin addicts

methamphetamine; methedrine; methylamphetamine: central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. It is a drug of abuse, often referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice or speed

acidified methanol

methanol, methyl alcohol

methapyriline: an antihistamine

metHb; methemoglobin ferrihemoglobin; a brown crystalline blood pigment that is found in normal blood, but in much smaller amounts than hemoglobin; methemoglobin is incapable of carrying oxygen

forming methemoglobin; the formation of ferrihemoglobin

methemoglobinemia: the presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis

methicillin resistance

methicillin resistant

C17H19N2O6NaS methicillin: a semisynthetic penicillin that is effective against beta-lactamase producing staphylococci; i.e., it is resistant to penicillinase produced by staphylococci

methionine sulfoximine

C5H11NO2S methionine: an essential amino acid that is important for many bodily functions. Contains the SCH3 group that acts as a methyl donor; it is a chelating agent for heavy metals

methodology development

methods

methotrexate; amethopterin; an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties

methyldopa: a medication to lowers blood pressure

methylene blue test: an injection of dye that should appear in the urine within a half hour if the kidneys are working OK

C10H13NO2 methylenedioxyamphetamine: a hallucinogenic amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters; MDA; the love drug

methylglyoxalase; lactoylglutathione lyase

methylphenidate hydrochloride

Ritalin; MPH; methylphenidate: a central nervous system stimulant similar in effect to dextroamphetamine

Medrol; methylprednisolone

Reglan®; metoclopramide: a dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic

metronidazole: antiprotozoal used to treat amebiasis, trichomoniasis, & giardiasis

metroptosis; prolapse of the uterus; hysteroptosis

metrorrhagia; breakthrough bleeding; intermenstrual bleeding

mexiletine: an antiarrhythmic agent

MHC class II genes; genes of major histocompatibility complex

class I MHC molecule

micelle (in biochemistry): a globule of lipid molecules in water

micelle (in chemistry): a colloid particle formed by an aggregation of small molecules

diabetic microangiopathy

DNA microarray; DNA chip

microbial colony count

microbial flora, microflora

microbial physiology

microbial sensitivity tests

microbial strain

microbial; microbic

microbiological

results of microbiological analysis

microbiological efficacy

microbiological invention; microbiological discovery

microbiological process

medical microbiologist

medical microbiology

microbiology: the study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea & viruses

microcalcification in the breast: can be markers for cancer

microcephaly; microcephalia: abnormally small head, a congenitally small brain

microchemistry

microchip

microcirculation; blood flow in fine vessels

microencapsulation

microfilaments; actin filaments

microglia: the third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia)

ß-microglobulin

microgram; a millionth of a gram

micrography; microscopic examination

microinjection

micrometer: an instrument used for measuring minute distances

sub-micron particle

micronnodular

pathogenic microorganism

microorganism, microbe

microphallus

cochlear microphonic potentials: the electric response of the cochlear hair cells to acoustic stimulation

binocular microscope

proton microscope

microscope slide

operating microscope; corneal microscope; surgical microscope

microscopic

specimen for microscopic examination

microscopic examination; microscopical examination; observing under a microscope

electron microscopical examination

dark field microscopy

infrared microscopy

light microscopy, light field microscopy

microsomal

microsomia

microsporum; a type of parasitic fungus

subcellular microsurgery

microsurgery

microtiter plate

microtome

ultramicrotomy; microtomy; thin sectioning: using a microtome to cut thin or ultrathin sections of tissues embedded in a supporting substance

microtrauma

microtubule

microvillus; bump on a cell

microvirus

midbrain; mesencephalon

middle age

middle aged people

middle ear

conduction deafness; middle ear deafness; transmission deafness

middle ear ventilation; middle ear drainage

middle finger

median plane; midsagittal plane

quack midwife, unskilled midwife

midwife; birth attendant

midwifery

midwifery: the practice of assisting women in childbirth; obstetrics

midwives

mifepristone; progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist

migraine (severe headache)

debilitating migraine, severe headache

migrants; migrant farm workers

migration

soldiers; military personnel

milk protein

milk teeth, deciduous teeth, baby teeth

mother's milk, breast milk, milk from a woman's breast; human milk

baby milk, infant milk, infant formula

milker's nodule; pseudocowpox

Milkman's syndrome

mime; body language; facial expression

mimesis

mimetic

mimetic chorea: imitation of the chorea movements of another person

mimetic substance

mineral oil

mineralization; calcification

mineralocorticoid; hormones

synthetic mineralocorticoids; mineralocorticoid analogs; synthetic steroids that mimic the activity of the mineralocorticoids

minerals

Minerva jacket: a body cast incorporating the head and trunk, usually for fracture of the cervical spine

minimize

minimum

minocycline: an antibiotic

minor injury

minors (not yet of age)

double minute chromosome

miosis: contraction of the pupil

miotics; eye drops causing contraction of the pupil

miracle health product

misalignment

misandry: hatred of men; hatred of the male sex

miscarriage, spontaneous abortion

provoking a miscarriage; inducing a miscarriage

miscible; mixable

mismatch repair

misnomer; wrong name

(noun & adjective) misogenist; woman-hater; woman-hating

misogeny: hatred of women

misonidazole

Cytotec®; misoprostol: an anti-ulcer agent that also has oxytocic properties. It can shorten labor in childbirth.

missed period: the failure of menstruation to occur at the expected time

missense mutation: a mutation in which a codon is mutated to one directing the incorporation of a different amino acid

misshapen; deformed

to take a misstep

compound; mistura; mixture

mite infestations

mites; acarus

mitobronitol: an antineoplastic agent which is a brominated analog of mannitol

heart mitochondria

liver mitochondria

mitochondrial contraction; mitochondria: a semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelle that occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells & which is responsible for energy production and cellular respiration

muscle mitochondria; sarcosomes

mitochondrial ADP, ATP translocases

mitochondrial diseases

mtDNA; mitochondrial DNA

mitochondrial encephalomyopathy

mitochondrial function

mitochondrial myopathy

mitochondrial proteins

mitochondria; mitochondrion; chondriosome; plastosome: a round or long cellular organelle of most eukaryotes that is found outside the nucleus; it produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and is rich in fats, proteins & enzymes

mitogen receptors; lectin receptors: glycoprotein molecules on the surface of B-and T-lymphocytes, that react with molecules of antilymphocyte sera, lectins & other agents

mitogen: a substance that stimulates lymphocytes to proliferate independently of any specific antigen

ERK map kinases; mitogen-activated protein kinases; extracellular signal-regulated kinases

mitoguazone; methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone): an antineoplastic agent

mitolactol

mitomycin: an antineoplastic antibiotic

anastral mitosis

bone marrow mitosis

mitosis; cell division

colchicine mitosis; C-mitosis

mitotane

mitotic gene conversion

mitotic index

mitotic index

mitotic metaphase

mitotic spindle apparatus

mitotic spindle; achromatic figure spindle

mitoxantrone

mitra -m

mitral stenosis

mitral valve

mitral valve insufficiency

mitral click-murmur syndrome; mitral valve prolapse; systolic click-murmur syndrome; Barlow's syndrome

mitral valve stenosis

hydroxylases; mixed function oxygenases

mnesic; mnemic; mnestic

to moan, to groan

interspersed repetitive elements; mobile genetic elements; interspersed repetitive sequences; jumping genes; transposable genetic element; transposable element

cor mobile; mobile heart; wandering heart: an abnormally movable heart

mobility

mobility of head of femur

mobility of the blind

mobilization; freeing up; loosening

to mobilize; to harness

mode of action of the substance

models

models, cardiovascular

models, neurological

models, organizational

modify

modulator

Mohs surgery

moisturizer

molar

molar glands

molaris -

hydatiform mole

pigmentary mole, naevus pigmentosus; lentigo

vascular mole; blood mole

malignant mole; destructive placental mole; chorio-adenoma destruens

molecular

molecular biology

molecular cloning: inserting recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle (a plasmid or virus vector); then introducing the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells

molecular cue

molecular diagnostic tool; molecular diagnostic technique

empirical formula; molecular formula; chemical formula

DNA mimicry; molecular mimicry; antigenic mimicry

molgramostim

molluscum contagiosum

molluscum contagiosum virus

molsidomine

mometasone: a corticosteroid

moniliasis, candida mycosis, candidiasis

to monitor

monitoring

monitoring

monitoring

monitoring, keeping close tabs on a patient

Holter monitoring: 24 hour wearable ECG monitor (cardiology)

monkeypox virus

MOA, monoamine oxidase

MAO inhibitor; monoamine-oxidase inhibitor; reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase

acute monoblast leukemia; AMOL

monoblast: a motile cell of the spleen and bone marrow that gives rise to the monocyte of the circulating blood

monocistronic RNA

monoclonal antibody

mouse-derived monoclonal antibody; murine-derived monoclonal antibody; murine hybridoma antibody; murine monoclonal antibody; murine MoAb

monoclonal murine; A33 mouse monoclonal antibody

monocomponent; one molecule drug

monocyte: a white blood cell that has a single nucleus & can ingest foreign material; a mononuclear phagocyte that circulates in the blood

monocytopoiesis

monogamous

monogamy

mononeuritis

mononucleate; mononuclear

mononuclear hepatitis

infectious mononucleosis; glandular fever, monocytic angina, mononuclear leukocytosis; Epstein-Barr disease

monooxygenase

hexose monophosphate shunt; pentose phosphate pathway; phosphogluconate oxidative pathway

monosomy

partial monosomy; chromosome deletion

monostotic fibrous dysplasia

monostotic: involving only one bone

monosynaptic reflex

monotherapy; one drug therapy

trans-monounsaturated acid

monounsaturates; mono-unsaturated fatty acids

univalent; monovalent

monovalent ion

monozygotic pregnancy

monozygotic twins: 2 offspring developed from one fertilized ovum; identical twins

monticule

the moon

morale

morbid anatomy

morbid fear; situation anxiety

delusion of jealousy; morbid jealousy; jealous delusion

morbid; unhealthy

force of morbidity

morbidity

morbidity rate

morbidity; 1 diseased state; 2 the incidence of disease; the rate of sickness

morgue; mortuary

morphine

morphine antagonists; narcotic antagonists

morphine dependence

morphine derivatives

morphinomimetic; simulating effects of morphine

morphological

blood morphology

cell morphology

morphology

mortality

mortality rate

mosquito bite

mosquito killing; mosquito control: the reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means

mosquito netting, fly screen, insect screening; bednet

mothers

mothers

motility; mobility; ability to move spontaneously

range of motion

kinetosis; motion sickness

motivation

afferent motor aphasia; conduction aphasia; central aphasia; commissural aphasia

cortical motor aphasia; dissociated verbal amnesia; efferent motor aphasia; Broca's aphasia; ataxic aphasia

motor coordination

motor cortex: an area of the frontal lobe concerned with primary motor control

motor evoked potentials

voluntary motor function

psychic & motor functions; psychomotoricity, psychomotor activities

motor debility; motor infantilism

motor learning

peripheral motor neuron; lower motor neuron

central motor neuron; upper motor neuron

perceptual motor performance; sensory motor performance; psychomotor performance; visual motor coordination

motor skills

fine motor skills; fine manipulation

gross motor skills; motoricity; gross motor activity

motor, mobile

acute mountain sickness, altitude sickness

mountain sickness, altitude sickness

mouth

night guard, mouth guard, biteguard, occlusal splint, periodontal splint; dental prosthesis

Tossach mouth to mouth ventilation

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation method

mouthwash

antibiotic mouthwash, antiseptic gargle

induced movement

movement therapy; kinesiatrics, movement-cure, kinesitherapy

moving-beam therapy

colloid carcinoma; mucinous adenocarcinoma: an adenocarcinoma that produces mucin

slime flux; mucociliary clearance; mucociliary transport

mucociliary; mucous membrane and hair-related

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

mucocutaneous; mucous membrane and skin-related

mucogingival surgery

mucoid degeneration

cherry red spot myoclonus syndrome; mucolipidosis I: cell disease; lipomucopolysaccharidosis; pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy; ganglioside sialidase deficiency disease: an inherited metabolic disease characterized by an abnormal accumulation of sphingolipids, glycolipids, acid mucopolysaccharid

mucolytic; substance that breaks down mucous

mucopurulent; containing mucus and pus

secretory mucosa

mucosa; mucous membranes

mucous

mucous cyst

mucous plaque; Fournier's erosive syphilid

infantile mucoviscidosis; Derbes-Kulczycki syndrome

mucus

mucus plug (in birthing)

multangul

multicultural aspects

multicultural aspects

multicultural education

multicultural education

multidisciplinary

multidisciplinary research

multidisciplinary research

multidose

Multidose Dry Powder Inhaler (MDPI)

multifactorial etiology

multifidus

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

multimedia education

multimedia education

multinuclear

high-field multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer

multinucleated giant cell

multivisceral transplant; multiorgan transplant; multiorgan transplantation; multiple organ transplant

automated multiparameter biochemical analyzer

multiparous; woman who has had 2 or more babies

multiple births

multiple infections

multiple organ failure

multiple sclerosis

multiple sclerosis; disseminated sclerosis

multiple; various

multiplexing

mumps

Munchausen syndrome

Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a covert, potentially lethal, and frequently misunderstood form of child abuse

serum muramidase, lysozyme

muriatic acid

murine leukemia

Moloney murine leukemia virus

murine typhus; endemic typhus

diastolic murmur

heart murmur

systolic murmur; ejection murmur

muscarinic receptors

to pull a muscle

to strain a muscle

muscle balance: balance in the eye muscles which enable the eye looking at a target to turn in order to direct the visual axis towards the target

muscle building; strengthening; muscle training

isotonic muscle contraction

muscle denervation

muscle fatigue

muscle fiber recruitment

fast-twitch muscle fibers, type II muscle fibers; skeletal muscle fibers having high myofibrillar ATPase activity, high glycolytic enzyme activities & an intermediate glycogen content

slow-twitch muscle fibers; intermediate muscle fibers

myocytes; muscle fibers; muscle cells

muscle group

skeletal muscle myosin: myosin type II isoforms found in skeletal muscle

muscle relaxant; neuromusclar depolarizing agent

muscle rupture

muscle tissue neoplasms

smooth muscle, non-striated muscle; organic muscle

striated muscle, voluntary muscle

well-muscled, muscular

muscles

muscular

muscular atrophy

spinal muscular atrophy; progressive muscular atrophy; bulbospinal neuronopathy; Kennedy syndrome; oculopharyngeal spinal muscular atrophy; scapuloperoneal form of spinal muscular atrophy

atrophic muscular disorders; disuse atrophy; spinobulbar muscular atrophy; myotonic dystrophy; Steinert's disease

muscular dystrophies

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy

muscular dystrophy

hyperplastic muscular dystrophy

progressive muscular dystrophy; Erb-Landouzy disease; Erb's disease; idiopathic muscular atrophy; myodystrophy; Erb's muscular dystrophy

musculature; muscles

musculoskeletal disease; musculoskeletal injuries

musculoskeletal disorders

orthopedic manipulation; musculoskeletal manipulation

musculoskeletal system; locomotor system

mycetism; mushroom poisoning: poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms

music therapy

mustache; moustache

nitrogen mustard

mustard gas; dichlorodiethyl sulfide: a highly toxic, vescant war gas

mustard plaster

mutagen; mutagenic agent

mutagenesis

insertional mutagenesis; cassette mutagenesis

site-directed mutagenesis; site-specific mutagenesis

mutagenic action

mutagenic; causing genetic mutation

mutagenicity tests; genetic toxicity tests; mutagenicity testing

mutasynthesis; mutational biosynthesis

genome mutation

induced mutation

mutation

mutation breeding

transmissible mutations (to offspring)

self-mutilation; automutilation

akinetic mutism; alogia;

mutism; the inability to speak; dumbness; congenital alalia

muzolimine; a pyrazole diuretic

myalgia; muscle pain

myasthenia gravis: a disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles

myasthenia; muscle weakness

Jolly's reaction; myasthenic reaction

congenital myasthenic syndrome

mycetoma; maduromycosis: a chronic infection usually involving the feet

mycobacterium tuberculosis: the gram-positive bacterium that causes tuberculosis

mycobacteriosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis; pulmonary tuberculosis

mycobacterium; bacteria

mycological; fungus study-related

medical mycology: the science & study of fungi in medicine

mycoplasma: pleuropneumonia-like organisms

ocular mycosis

mycosis fungoides: a chronic malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin

mycotic infection; mycosis; an infection caused by fungi, fungal disease, cryptogamic disease

systemic mycosis; systemic fungal infection; fungemia

infected aneurism; mycotic aneurysm; bacterial aneurism

mycotic cardiopathy

mycotic elements

mycotic; caused by a fungus

mycotoxicosis

mycotoxin; fungal toxin; any toxic compound produced by fungi

mydriatic (dilates the pupil)

mydriatic; a pupil-dilating drug

myelin: the soft, white, partially fatty material which makes up the sheath surrounding a nerve axon

myelin-associated glycoprotein

myeline sheath

transverse myelitis;

inflammatory myelopathy; myelitis; spinal cord inflammation

myeloblast

acute myeloblast leukemia, myelocytic leukemia

myelodysplasia

bone marrow fibrosis; myelofibrosis; osteomyelosclerosis; osteomyelofibrotic syndrome

chronic myelogenous leukemia

myelography; myelogram; bone marrow examination

myeloid cell, myeloid tissue

acute myeloid leukemia; AML

chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia

myeloid leukemia; myelocytic leukemia; myelocytosis

plasma cell myeloma

myeloma proteins

multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma, myelomatosis, Kahler's disease; Huppert's disease, Bozzolo disease

myeloma; bone marrow cancer

myelomatosis; bone marrow cancer

myelocele; myelomeningocele; meningomyelocele: protrusion of the spinal cord and the membranes covering it through a defect in the vertebral column

myelomonocytic leukemia

myelopathy: any disease affecting the spinal cord

myelofibrosis; myelosclerosis

myelosis

myelosuppression; stopping bone marrow activity

myelotoxic; destructive to bone marrow

myencephalon

myenteric plexus

myenteric reflex: contraction above and relaxation below a stimulated point in the intestine

creeping myiasis

myiasis; fly maggot disease

myocardial contractility

myocardial contractility; myocardial contraction; contractility of the heart; cardiac inotropism

myocardial depressant factor

cardiomyopathy; myocardial disease; myocardial damage

myocardial fibrosis

myocardial hypoxia

myocardial infarction; heart attack

myocardial insufficiency; cardiac insufficiency

myocardial ischemia

myocardial radionuclide angiography

myocardial reperfusion: restoration of blood supply to ischemic heart tissue

myocardial revascularization

alcoholic myocardiopathy

secondary myocardiopathy

hypertrophic myocardiopathy; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Coxsackie myocarditis of the newborn

myocarditis; heart inflammation

heart muscle; myocardium: the middle muscular layer of the heart wall

idiopathic myoclonic epilepsy; symptomatic myoclonic epilepsy

myoclonic seizure; myoclonic absence

myoclonic jerk; myoclonus; involuntary muscle contraction

bilateral massive myoclonus; myoclonic jerk

myoelectric prosthesis

myofascial syndrome; myofascial pain syndrome; MPS

myoma: a tumor consisting of muscle tissue

myomectomy

Czerny myomectomy; Czerny enucleation

myometrium: the muscular layer of the wall of the uterus; tunica muscularis uteri

myopathy; muscle disease

central core myopathy; Shy-Magee syndrome; myotubular myopathy

myopericarditis

high-altitude myopia

myopia; nearsightedness

myosin, myosin protein

myositis; muscle inflammation

congenital myotonia; hereditary myotonia; Thomsen disease

myotonic disorders; myotonia fluctuans; proximal myotonic myopathy; diseases characterized by myotonia

myotonic myopathy; myotonic dystrophy; Steinert's disease; Batten's disease; Batten-Steinert syndrome: an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder

myringitis: inflammation of the eardrum

aspiratory myringotomy

myxoma (tumor of mucous tissue), colloid tumor

myxosarcoma; mucous sarcoma

N

Na+-K+-ATPase activity of the red corpuscles

nadir; low point

Corgard; nadolol; a beta-adrenergic antagonist used to treat heart arrhythmias, angina pectoris and hypertension

nadroparin

naevus, nevus

nail-patella syndrome; hereditary osteo-onychoplasia syndrome

with the naked eye

C19H21NO3 nalorphine: allylnormorphine: narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties

name tag; name badge; identity badge

medical nanodevice; medical nanorobot

bionanotechnolgy; nanomedicine, medical nanotechnology

nanometer; nanon

molecular nanotechnology

carbon nanotube

nape of the neck

naproxen

narcissism

narcolepsy: sleep epilepsy: a sleep disorder associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, involuntary daytime sleep episodes, disturbed nocturnal sleep and cataplexy

basal narcosis

non-narcotic analgesics

narcotic analgesics; opioid analgesics

specific narcotic antagonists

narcotic; morphine-like drug

seizure of narcotics, heroin seizure

posterior nares; choanae: two openings into the nasopharynx from the back of the nasal cavity

narrow

nasal bones: two small elongated rectangular bones that together form the bridge of the nose

nasal oxygen tube; nasal cannula: a flexible plastic tube with 2 narrow nubs that are placed in the nostrils; it's used to deliver oxygen to the body through the nose

nasal cavity

nasal concha; turbinate bone

nosebleed, nasal hemorrhage

nasal polyp

nasal secretion

deviation of the nasal septum

nasal cartilage; nasal septum

perforation of the nasal septum

ulceration of the nasal septum

nasal sinus; cavity of the cranial bones

with a nasal twang; snuffling; nasal tone

nasal; nose-related

nascent

nascent DNA

nasogastric tube: tube of soft rubber or plastic inserted through a nostril & into the stomach for withdrawing stomach contents or for giving liquid foods

nasolacrimal duct: a membranous tube within the bony nasolacrimal canal

nasolacrimal; related to nose & tear ducts

nasopharyngeal catarrh, postnasal catarrh

nasopharyngeal fibroma

nasopharyngeal neoplasm; carcinoma of the nasopharynx

nasopharyngeal swab

nasopharynx; nasopharyngeal cavity

national

natriuresis; excretion of sodium by kidneys

natriuretic factor; natriuretic hormone

natural contraception

natural immunity; basic immunity

naturopath: a practitioner of naturopathy

naturopathy; naturopathic medicine; natural medicine

nausea; feeling sick; feeling disgusted, being about to vomit

to be nauseated; to throw up; to vomit

to feel nauseous, to feel sick to one's stomach

bellybutton; navel; umbilicus

navicular

navicular bone; scaphoid bone: one of the 7 tarsal bones of the human foot, is situated on the big toe side between the talus & cuneiform bones

nearsighted; myopic

neck

neck (of an animal)

necrobiosis

necrobiosis lipoidica

Oppenheim-Urbach disease; necrobiosis lipoidica: a degenerative skin disease characterized by the development of erythematous papules or nodules in the pretibial area

necrology: a list of persons who have died within a certain period

necrolysis; gangrene

necrophilia

necrosis

tumor necrosis factor: a cancer toxin with some similarity in its amino acid sequence to lymphotoxin

necrosis of the femoral head; necrosis of the head of the femur

ischemic necrosis, caseation necrosis, coagulation necrosis

fat necrosis; adiponecrosis

necrosis; gangrene

necrotic

necrotic acne, necrotic granuloma; acne necrotica miliaris

necrotic angina

necrotic bronchitis

infectious necrotic hepatitis, black disease of sheep

necrotizing arteritis

necrotizing fasciitis; flesh-eating disease: a fulminating streptococcal infection beginning with severe cellulitis that spreads to the superficial & deep fascia, causing thrombosis of the subcutaneous vessels and gangrene of the underlying tissue

nedocromil

synovial needle biopsy

needle sharing; needle exchange

needle exchange; needle sharing

needs assessment

negative

(noun) neglect; omission; carelessness

negotiating; negotiation; mediation; arbitration

rod myopathy; nemaline myopathy

roundworm infestation; nematode infestatation; nematode infection

neogenesis, tissue regeneration

neomycin: an aminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae

neonatal withdrawal; neonatal abstinence syndrome; neonatal passive substance addiction

perinatal nursing; neonatal care; neonatal nursing: the care of newborn infants during the first four weeks after birth

neonatal icterus; neonatal jaundice

neonatal nursing

neonatal period

neonatal reflex; automatic reflex

neonatal screening; genetic screening of newborn babies

neonatal; newborn

neonatology; neonatal medicine

neophyte, new user, beginner, novice

residual neoplasm

neoplasm invasiveness

neoplasm metastasis

malignant neoplasm of the brain; malignant brain tumor

neoplasm proteins

local neoplasm recurrence

spontaneous neoplasm regression

neoplasm seeding

neoplasm staging

neoplasm transplantation

malignant neoplasm, malignant tumor, malignancy

neoplasm, neoplasia; tumor

neoplastic lesion

neoplastic process

hereditary neoplastic syndrome

hereditary neoplastic syndromes

neoplastic; tumor-related

pathologic neovascularization

physiologic neovascularization

pathologic neovascularization; pathologic angiogenesis

nepetalactone: a volatile aromatic oil which is the active principle of catnip

nephelometry

nephrectomy; extirpation of a kidney

nephritic abscess

nephritic, antinephritic medicine

nephritis

nephritis

hereditary nephritis, familial nephritis; Alport's syndrome: a hereditary hematuria associated with nerve deafness and ocular changes

nephritis, hereditary

nephritis; kidney inflammation

interstitial nephritis; tubulointerstitial nephritis

nephrocalcinosis

nephrocalcinosis: a renal stone disease with precipitation of calcium phosphate in the tubules of the kidney

nephrogenic

nephrogenic blastema

nephrogenous

nephrolith; kidney stone

nephrologist; kidney specialist

nephrology

nephrology: subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the anatomy, physiology, & pathology of the kidney

nephron: structural & functional unit of the kidney, made up of the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule and the convoluted tubule

cadmium nephropathy

nephropathy secondary to lead exposure

nephropathy; kidney disease; renal disease, nephritic disease

lipoid nephrosis; minimal change glomerulonephritis; nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular changes

nephrosis; nephrotic syndrome: an alteration of the permeability of the glomerular capillaries resulting in proteinuria, hypoproteinaemia, edema & cholesterol retention

ureterostomy; nephrostomy

percutaneous nephrostomy; nephrolithotomy; percutaneous nephrolithotomy

nephrotic syndrome

nephrotic; kidney disorder-related

nephrotome; gononephrotome

nephrotoxic; destructive to the kidneys; renotoxic

nephrotoxicity

nephrotoxin; nephrolysin; cytotoxin specific for kidney

nerve block: interruption of the conduction of impulses in nerves by the injection of a local anesthetic

nerve compression syndromes

nerve crush

nerve degeneration

nerve endings

nerve fibers

nerve fibers, myelinated

nerve fibers, unmyelinated

nerve growth factor

NGF nerve growth factors

nerve impulse

conduction of nerve impulses

nerve net

nerve regeneration

nerve sheath tumors

nerve tissue

nerve tissue neoplasm

nerve tissue proteins

nerve transfer

nervous breakdown

an undefined nervous condition; febrile convulsions in children

nervous function; nervous activity; neural activity

nervous system

nervous system diseases

nervous system malformations

nervous system neoplasms

nervous system physiology

nervous system trauma

vegetative nervous system; autonomic nervous system

central nervous system; CNS

nervousness; irritability

net; network

networking

networks

neural crest

neural hiatus

neural pathway

neural substrate

tethered cord syndrome; neural tube defects; craniorachischisis; diastematomyelia; exencephaly; myelodysplasia; neurenteric cyst; spinal cord myelodysplasia

neural tube; medullary tube; cerebromedullary tube

neural; nerve-related

neuralgia

facial neuralgia; facial pain

neuralgic

neuraminic acids

neuraminidase

spinal neurasthenia

neurasthenia; nervous exhaustion

neurectomy; excision of part of a nerve

heregulin; neuregulin-1; Neu differentiation factor; glial growth factor

neuregulins

pregnancy neuritis

neuritis

optic neuritis, neuritis of the optic nerve, retrobulbar neuritis

neuritis; a nerve inflammation with pain and tenderness over the nerves, anesthesia or paraesthesia & paralysis

Seitelberger's disease; neuroaxonal dystrophy; juvenile neuroaxonal dystrophy

neurobehavioral

cognitive symptoms; neurobehavioral manifestations

neurobiology

neuroblast

neuroblastoma

neurochemical abnormality

neurochemistry

effort syndrome; neurocirculatory asthenia; cardiac neurosis; DaCosta's disease; DaCosta's syndrome; neurasthenia; irritable heart; cardiasthenia; cor nervosum; cardioneurosis

phacomatosis; neurocutaneous syndrome; neuroectodermal dysplasia syndrome

neurocysticercosis

neurocytoma: a benign brain tumor composed of neural elements

neurodegenerative disorder; neurodegenerative disease: any disorder of the central nervous system characterized by gradual & progressive loss of neural tissue

neurodermatitis; skin damage caused by nervous scratching

neuroectoderm

neuroeffector junction

neuroendocrine cancer; neuroendocrine carcinoma

neuroendocrine cells

neuroendocrine tumors

neuroendocrine tumors: these have cells with secretory granules and they originate from the neuroectoderm, (the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast) that program the neuroendocrine system

neuroendocrinologist

neuroendocrinology

neuroepithelial cells

neurofibrillary tangles: abnormal structures in the brain composed of dense arrays of paired helical filaments (neurofilaments and microtubules)

neurofibrils

neurofibroma

neurofibromatosis 1 genes

von Recklinghausen's disease; neurofibromatosis; osteitis fibrosa cystica: symptoms include brown spots on the skin, neurofibromas of peripheral nerves & deformities of subcutaneous tissues & bone; it is inherited as a dominant trait; neurofibromatosis 1

neurofibromin 1

neurofibromin 2

neurofibrosarcoma

neurofilament proteins

Charcot's joint; neurogenic arthropathy

cord bladder disorder; neurogenic bladder; dysfunction of the urinary bladder

neurogenic fracture: a fracture in bone weakened by disease of the nerve supply

nervous hypertension; neurogenic hypertension

neurogenic inflammation

neurosarcoma; neurogenic sarcoma; malignant schwannoma: a sarcoma with neuromatous elements

neurogenic shock

glia; neuroglia

neurohormone; neurotransmitter

neuroimaging

Schwann's sheath; neurolemma; neurilemma: the plasma membrane surrounding a Schwann cell of a myelinated nerve fiber and separating layers of myelin

neuroleptanalgesia; altered awareness of pain due to drugs

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

thymoleptic; neuroleptic; tranquilizer; neuroplegic; major tranquilizer

neuroleukin

neurolinguistic programming

neurologic examination

neurologic manifestations

early neurological anomaly

neurological assessment

neurological disease; neurological disorder

neurological diseases and disorders

a neurological disorder

neurological risk factor

neurological sensitivity

high-pressure neurological syndrome: experimental high pressure neurological syndrome; a syndrome related to increased atmospheric pressure; entails tremors, nausea, dizziness, decreased mental performance & seizures

neurological; nervous system-related

neurology

acoustic neuroma

false neuroma

neuroma

neuromuscular agents; skeletal muscle relaxants

neuromuscular biopsy

curare-like agent; neuromuscular blocking agent; neuromuscular blocker; neuromuscular nondepolarizing agent; neuromuscular block

neuromuscular coordination

Oppenheim disease; neuromuscular diseases; amyotonia congenita

neuromuscular junction diseases

myoneural junction; neuromuscular junction; nerve-muscle preparation

neuromuscular manifestations

neuromuscular nondepolarizing agents

neuromuscular prosthesis

muscular spindle; neuromuscular spindle; muscle stretch receptor

neuromuscular synapse; nerve-muscle synapse

neuromuscular; muscle and nerve-related

neuromyelitis optica

neuromyositis

neuromyotonia

neuron distress marker; nerve cell distress marker

artificial neuron, formal neuron

neuron; nerve cell

Batten disease; neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis; Jansky-Bielschowsky disease; kufs disease; myotonic dystrophy

neuronal plasticity

neuronal; neuron-related

neuronavigator; neuronavigation: a computer-assisted 3D navigation and guidance system generally used in neurosurgery

neurons

shrinkage of neurons; degenerating neurons

neuropathic arthropathy

neuropathic bleeding

neuropathic diathesis

neuropathic pain

Jamaica neuropathic syndrome

neuropathological

neuropathology

peripheral neuropathy

alcohol neuropathy; alcoholic polyneuropathy; alcohol-induced peripheral neuropathy

diabetic neuropathy; diabetic amyotrophy; diabetic autonomic neuropathy; diabetic polyneuropathy: permanent, painful, peripheral & autonomic nerve dysfunction due to poorly controlled diabetes

neuropathy; functional disturbance and/or pathological change in the peripheral nervous system

neuropeptides: peptides released as intercellular messengers

neuropharmacology

neurophysins

neurophysiology

neuropil; neuropilem: a dense, fine network of interwoven fine glial processes, fibrils, synaptic terminals, axons and dendrites among the nerve cells in the gray matter of the central nervous system

neuroprotective agents; neuroprotective drugs: drugs designed to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsion, or trauma

neuropsychology: branch of psychology which investigates the correlation between experience or behavior and basic neurophysiological processes

neuropsychosis

neuroradiography

neuroreceptors; sensory nerve endings, sensory receptors

neuroschistosomiasis

neuroscience: a science that deals with nerves: their anatomy, function, physiology, biochemistry, or molecular biology; and their relation to behavior & learning

neurosecretion

neurosensory deficit

childhood neurosis

neurosis

anxiety neurosis; anxiety reaction; free-floating anxiety

traumatic neurosis; post-catastrophe syndrome

neurospora: a genus of ascomycetous fungi

neurosurgeon; brain surgeon

neurosurgery

neurosurgical procedures

neurosurgical suture needle

paretic neurosyphilis

neurotensin receptors

neurotensin: a biologically active tridecapeptide isolated from the hypothalamus

neurotic

anxiety neurosis; neurotic anxiety

neurotic disorders; neuroses

neurotomy of the peripheral nerve

neurotomy; excision of a nerve

neurotoxic gas; nerve gas

neurotoxic; destructive to nerve tissue

delayed neurotoxicity

neurotoxicity

neurotoxin; nerve poison

inhibitory neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter agents

neurotransmitter receptors

neurotransmitter uptake inhibitors

transmitter substance; neurotransmitter; a substance released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system that travels across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell

imbalance in neurotransmitters

neurotrophic arthropathy

neurotrophic factor

neuropathic neurotrophic osseous atrophy; neurogenic arco-osteolysis

neurotrophin 3

neurotropic strain

neurotropic: having an affinity for (or growing towards) neural tissue

neurovascular

neurovegetative dystonia

neurovegetative; pertaining to the autonomic nervous system

neurulation

neutral glycosphingolipids

neutralization

neutralization test on chorio-allantoic membranes

neutralization tests

to neutralize

neutron

neutron activation analysis

neutron capture therapy

neutron capture therapy: a technique for treating neoplasms in which an isotope is introduced into target cells, followed by irradiation with thermal neutrons

neutropenia; low white blood cell count

neutrophil (adjective)

neutrophil activation

neutrophil collagenase

neutrophil, white blood cell; eosinophil, acidocyte, acidophil, acidophilic cell

leukocytosis; neutrophilia; granulocytosis

chronic neutrophilic leukemia

nevirapine, Viramune: a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug approved for the treatment of HIV disease

newborn baby

your next of kin, blood relative

Nezelof's syndrome

NGO

niacin; nicotinic acid; a B vitamin

niacinamid; nicotinamide; vitamin PP; pellagra-preventive vitamin

nick; DNA strand

nicotine: an addictive substance in cigarette smoke

breaking nicotine addiction; kicking the tobacco habit

nicotine dependency

nicotine patch; transdermal patch

nicotine poisoning

nidation; fertilization

Niemann-Pick disease; essential lipoid histiocytosis; lipoid spleno-hepatomegaly; neuronal cholesterol lipidosis; supraoptic vertical ophthalmoplegia; sphingomyelinase deficiency disease

nifedipine: an antihypertensive agent

nifuratel: a local antiprotozoal & antifungal agent

nightmare

bittersweet nightshade; bittersweet; climbing nightshade; woody nightshade

West Nile virus; West Nile fever virus

nipple (of a woman's breast)

nipple of baby bottle

nipple-related; midclavicular

Nissl's bodies; chromophil corpuscles: large granular basophilic bodies found in the cytoplasm of neurons

Nitinol

quick-acting nitrate; short-acting nitrate

nitrile medical examination gloves

nitroarginine; NG-Nitro-L-Arginine: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase

nitrogen

nitrogen balance; nitrogen equilibrium

nitrogen base; nitrogenous base; a purine or a pyrimidine

nitrogen narcosis; nitrogen anesthesia: stupefaction, mental confusion or unconsciousness due to breathing nitrogen at increased barometric pressures, as in deep sea diving

urinary nitrogen; blood urea nitrogen

nitrogenous; nitrogen-containing

nitroglycerine poisoning

C3H5O9N3 nitroglycerine: glyceryl trinitrate; an organic nitrate used to treat angina pectoris

NG; nitroglycerine; glyceryl trinitrate

nitroimidazole

nitromifene

nitrosamine

nitrosourea: anticancer drug that can cross the blood-brain barrier

HNO2; nitrous acid; nitric acid

nizatidine: a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that inhibits gastric acid secretion

nociceptive

nociceptive reflex; flexor reflex

nociceptor

nocturnal, nightly

node, nodule

nodular headache, cephalea nodularis

nodular, nodose; knotty

nodule, node, nodus (in the hypodermis)

Bohn's nodule; Epstein's pearl

noise nuisance; noise pollution; noise annoyance

nolatrexed

cancrum oris; noma; gangrenous stomatitis

non-alcoholic beverages

nonassociative learning

parasympathetic paraganglia; nonchromafin paraganglia; glomus tympanicum: several clusters of chemoreceptive and supporting cells associated with the glossopharyngeal and vagus blood vessels & nerves

adventitious noncytopathic virus

genetic nondisjunction; nondisjunction of the genome

non-print materials

non-profit organizations

international non-proprietary name, common name, chemical generic name

non-saturated fatty acids

stop codon; nonsense triplet; nonsense codon

non-specific

hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia

NSAID; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; these drugs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins

nonverbal communication

devitalized tooth; nonvital tooth; endodontically-treated tooth; pulpless tooth: a tooth from which the dental pulp was removed

Noonan's syndrome

smart drugs; nootropic agents; cognitive enhancers

noradrenaline

norethisterone

Norplant®; Norgestrel: a subdermal contraceptive implant: a synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of progesterone

norleucine: unnatural amino acid similar to methionine

normalization

international normalized ratio: a standardized system established by the W.H.O. & the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis for monitoring & reporting blood coagulation tests

normotensive

nose

nose hair; vibrissae

nosebleed, a bloody nose

nosocomial: originating in the hospital

nostril; nostrils

compulsory notifiable disease

notifiable diseases

notochord; chorda dorsalis

novobiocin

novocain: a preparation of the hydrochloride of procaine

nuclear disaster

nuclear envelope; nuclear membrane

nuclear families

nuclear family: 2 spouses and their children

nuclear magnetic resonance tomography (NMR); Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

nuclear medicine

nuclear receptors: ligand-inducible transcription factors that regulate the expression of target genes involved in development, reproduction & metabolism

heterogeneous nuclear RNA; precursor RNA; pre-mRNA; HnRNA; pre-messenger RNA; nuclear RNA; DNA-like RNA

nuclease

nucleation

nucleic acid

nucleic acid probe; DNA probe; molecular probe

selfish genes; nucleic acid repeat sequences; nucleic acid repetitive sequences

nucleic acid synthesis

hybridization of nucleic acids; annealing; nucleic acids hybridization

nucleic base, nucleotide base, base

nucleic bases complementarity

nucleohistone

nucleolus: an organelle within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells which contains RNA and protein & is the site of synthesis of ribosomal RNA

nucleophile

karyoplasm; nucleoplasm; achromatin

nucleoplasm; nucleoplasma

nucleoprotein

NRTI; nucleoside analog: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

nucleoside diphosphate: a pyrophosphoric ester of a nucleoside in which the H of one of the ribose hydroxyls is replaced by a diphosphoric radical

nucleoside monophosphate

purine nucleoside phosphorylase; inosine phosphorylase; PNP

nucleoside: a purine or pyrimidine base linked to ribose or deoxyribose, but lacking the phosphate residues that would make it a nucleotide

nucleosome: the fundamental subunit of organization of chromatin fibers in chromosomes

cellular nucleotide

nucleotide

CAR nucleotide sequence; CAR sequence; cis-acting rev-responsive sequence

TAR; nucleotide sequence; trans-acting responsive sequence

nucleotide sequencing

nucleotides: the metabolic precursors of nucleic acids; they encode genetic information

cell nucleus

interphase nucleus

nucleus

nucleus accumbens: the largest neuronal nucleus in the septal region of the diencephalon

nude; naked

null cell; null lymphocyte

nulliparous woman (one who has not yet had a child)

to numb, to become numb; to stiffen

numbness; obnubiliation

mental numbness; stupor; grogginess

geriatric nurse

intensive care nurse

Registered Nurse

nurse

nurse practitioner

to nurse, lactate, suckle

wet nurse; a nurse hired to breast feed a baby

nurse-patient relations

nursery schools

nurses (male/female)

CAN; nurse's aide, nursing assistant

nurse's aides

holistic nursing

nursing

nursing

nursing home

nursing homes

nursing mother

nutation; an uncontrollable nodding of the head

pharmafood; nutraceutical; nutriceutical

essential nutrient

nutrient artery

nutrient status; nutritive equilibrium

nutrient; nutrition

nutrigenomics; nutritional genomics

nutrition

nutrition

nutrition disorders

child nutrition; infant nutrition

nutritional claim

nutritional components

nutritional disease

nutritional disturbance, dietary deficiency, nutritional disorder

nutritional education

nutritional marasmus

nutritional status

nutritional; nutritious; nutritive

nuts

nycturia

fine-mesh nylon gauze

nymphitis

optokinetic nystagmus: nystagmus produced by looking at objects moving rapidly across the field of vision

positional nystagmus; physiological nystagmus; Barany nystagmus

ocular nystagmus; wonky eyes: involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball

O

O antigens: somatic antigens of enteric gram-negative bacteria

oatcell carcinoma; oat-cell carcinoma; an anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm; small-cell lung carcinoma

oats; avena sativa

obese

obesity, being overweight

the objective

objective, evident

oblique

oblique fissure of lung

oblique posterior ligament of the knee; Bourgery ligament

obliterating bronchiolitis

congenital obliterating bronchiolitis

obliteration; occlusion

oblong; extended

observant; attentive

observation

observation

to observe; to watch

obsession

obsession with washing; ablutomania; compulsion to wash

obsessive-compulsive disorder; obsessive-compulsive psychoneurosis

obsolete; antiquated

obstetric analgesia

obstetrical forceps; Chamberlen forceps

obstetrical nursing

obstetrical vacuum extraction; delivery by vacuum extractor

obstetrical; related to obstetrics

obstetrician & gynecologist, the ob-gyn doctor

obstetrics

obstipation; severe constipation

tubal obstruction

congenital obstruction of the bladder neck

obstruction; blockage

intestinal obstruction; ileus

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

obstructive jaundice; mechanical icterus

obtundation; obnubilation

obtundent, soothing; which dulls the pain

obturation of bile ducts; biliary obstruction

obturator

obturator foramen

obturator gluteal hernia; obturator hernia

obturator muscle

obturator nerve: nerve that originates in the lumbar spine & travels through the lumbar plexus to the lower extremity

occasional

occipital

occipital bone

occipital condyle

occipital index

occipital inductor

occipital radius

occipital zone; occipital region

occiput: the back or posterior part of the head or skull

to occlude; to close

occluded blood vessel

occluder; paddle

occlusal

accidental occlusion by diapers

occlusion; closing

occlusive arterial disease

semi-occlusive dressing; occlusive bandage

mechanical ileus; occlusive ileus

hemostatic thrombus; occlusive thrombus; obstructive thrombus

occult anemia

fecal occult blood test; hemoccult test

occult bleeding; occult blood: blood in the feces that is not obvious to the eye

occult; hidden

occupational diseases

occupational health

occupational health care; occupational health service

occupational health nurses

occupational health service

occupational hearing loss; occupational noise deafness; noise induced hearing loss

occupational illness; occupational disease

occupational injuries

occupational injury; industrial injury, accident at work

occupational lung disease; occupational lung disorder; occupational respiratory disease; occupational pulmonary disease; environmental lung disease

occupational safety

occupational therapist

occupational therapy

occupational therapy, ergotherapy

octacosanol

burns to the eye; ocular burn; burn injury of the eye

intra-ocular hemorrhage; bleeding in the eye; ocular hemorrhage

ocular lesion; injury to the eye

ocular motility disorders

ocular mycosis

ocular parallax

ocular refraction

ocular vertigo

ocular; of or relating to the eye

Lowe syndrome; oculocerebrorenal syndrome

oculogyric; with circular eye movements

oculomotor

oculomotor nerve; third cranial nerve

oculomucocutaneous; mucous membrane and skin around eyes

odontosis; odontogenesis

odontoid process; ontodoid apophysis: a toothlike process that projects from the anterior end of the centrum of the axis vertebra

odontoid; relating to the odontoid process

free of odor

body odor, B.O., underarm odor; smell of sweat

odor; smell, aroma, fragrance

Oehl layer stratum; transparent layer

offensive odor, stench; bad smell, stink

office work

offspring; progeny

ofloxacin

antiviral ointment

burn ointment

eye ointment

antibiotic ointment: an ointment that kills bacteria

ointments

very old people; the elderly

older people; elderly people

fracture of the olecranon

beat elbow; olecranon bursitis; lateral humeral epicondylitis

funny bone, olecranon, funnybone (in the elbow)

olfaction disorders

olfaction; sense of smell

olfactory

olfactory bulb

olfactory nerve

olfactory organ; sense of smell

olfactory tract; olfactory pathways

olfactory system

oligodendroglia; oligodendrocytes; the oligodendroglial cells which produce myelin

oligo-element; oligoelement; trace element

oligomenorrhea; infrequent menstrual periods

oligomer: a clump of molecules of misfolded amyloid beta protein

oligonephronia

antisense oligonucleotide

CDNA microarray; "oligonucleotide array sequence analysis; DNA microarrays; gene expression chips; microarray analysis of gene expression oligonucleotide arrays"

oligonucleotide: a linear sequence of up to 20 nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds

oliguria; abnormally small urine output; kidney depression

olive

ombudsman

omega 3 fatty acids

omentovolvulus: a type of intestinal obstruction and twisting; volvulus of the colon

omentum: a fold of peritoneum that which connects the stomach and the abdominal viscera & encloses the bowels

Prilosec®; Nexium omeprazole: a highly effective inhibitor of gastric acid secretion used in the therapy of gastric ulcers and heartburn (erosive esophagitis)

ominous; worrisome

omo- ; shoulder

omphalo-enteric duct

omphalos

omphalosite

omphalotomy, sectioning of the umbilical cord

onchocerciasis: river blindness; onchocercosis; blinding filariasis

viral oncogene

oncogene: in oncology, a mutated or overexpressed version of a normal gene (the proto-oncogene) that in a dominant manner can release the cell from normal restraints on growth & thus convert a cell into a tumor cell

proto-oncogene; cellular oncogen

oncogenesis

oncogenic virus; tumor virus

oncogenic; carcinogenic; tumorigenic

radiation oncologist

oncologist, cancer specialist; a specialist in oncology

clinical oncology

genetic oncology

medical oncology

molecular oncology

oncology: the study of tumors

pediatric oncology; cancer in children

oncolytic; cancer treatment-related

oncotic; swelling related

one-on-one education

one-sided test; one-tail test

delirium, onirism; vesanic dementia; waking dream state

onlay graft; onlay bone graft: a bone graft applied on the outside of the recipient bone

only child

onset of the first symptoms

ontogenesis; ontogeny

onychia maligna

onychlysis

onychoclasis

tinea unguium; onychomycosis

oogenesis

oophorectomy; removal of an ovary, ovariectomy, spaying

oophoritis

salpingo-oophoritis

opacification

opalescent; opal-like

opalgia, pain in the eye

Opalski's syndrome

open bite; infra-oclusion: a maloclusion whereby the teeth do not close or come together in the front of the mouth

open learning; open learning system

automated operating room; O.R.

aseptic operation

Heller operation; Heller procedure

intraoperative; operative; during the operation

operon: a genetic unit

ophthalmic; eye-related

ophthalmological; eye treatment-related

ophthalmologist

ophthalmology: science of the structure, functions & diseases of the eye and its appendages

exophthalmic ophthalmoplegia

nuclear ophthalmoplegia

ophthalmoplegia: paralysis of the muscles of the eye

ophthalmoplegic

ophthalmoplegic hemicrania

ophthalmoplegic migraine; Möbius disease; Möbius syndrome; relapsing periodic oculomotor paralysis; relapsing ophthalmoplegia

ophthalmorrhea; excessing tearing of the eyes

electric ophthalmoscope

hand ophthalmoscope

ophthalmoscope, retinoscope, skiascope

tonometer; ophthalmotonometer

opiate antagonist; opioid antagonist

opiate; opium-like drug; opioid

opiates

opinion leaders

opinion polls

opioid analgesics,

opioid receptors; opiate receptors

opioid-related disorders

opisthotonos; backward spasm

opium poppy; white poppy; papaver

opium; papaveretum

opportunist species

opportunistic infections

opportunistic; a disease usually excluded by body defenses

opsin: an apoprotein of the rhodopsin family

optic atrophy; atrophy of the optic disk

optic foramen; optic canal

corpora bigemina; optic lobe; thalamus

optic nerve trauma; optic nerve injuries; traumatic optic neuropathy

optic nerve, visual nerve

neuropapillitis; optic neuritis; retrobulbar neuritis; neuritis of the optic nerve

ischemic optic neuropathy; ischemic injury to the optic nerve

optic vesicle; optic evagination

optic; eye-related

optical disk inflammation, papillitis, papilledema

optical illusion

optician; optometrist

opticociliotomy

optimal

optimum dose

optometrist

oral

oral cancer

combined oral contraceptives

hormonal oral contraceptives

sequential oral contraceptives

synthetic oral contraceptives

oral diagnosis

oral fistula

oral health

oral health

oral health

oral health disorders

oral health disorders

oral health promotion

oral health promotion

oral hemorrhage

oral hygiene

oral hygiene index

oral hygiene; dental hygiene

oral information

oral information

oral manifestations

oral medicine

oral sex

oral sex

oral stage

oral surgeon; dental surgeon; oral & maxillofacial surgeon

oral surgery

maxillofacial surgery; oral surgery; oral surgical procedure

oral surgical procedures

oral; mouth-

orally

orbicular

orbit; eye socket

orbital cellulitis; orbital cellulitis periophthalmitis

superior orbital fissure; sphenoidal fissure

orbital sulci

phlebectasia; orbital varix; venectasia; vasodilation

orbital; eye socket-related

orcheotomy, testectomy, orchidectomy, orchiectomy

orchitis; inflammation of the testicle

hospital orderly

doctors' orders

orexigenic: appetite-stimulating

organ

organ bank; transplant bank

organ dysfunction

spiral organ; organ of Corti; basilar papilla

subcellular organelle

organelle

organic

organic chemicals: a broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives

heterocyclic organic compound

organic foods

organism

organism carrying genetic information

organismic

organization

organizational psychology

organizations

organogenesis

organoleptic

organophosphate (insecticide)

analogous organs

removing organs for medical/scientific purposes

orgasm: pleasant climax of sexual excitement; sexual climax

psychosexual disorder; orgasmic disorder; psychological sexual dysfunction

orientation; awareness of the environment, sense of direction

spatial orientation; spatial tasking

orifice; ostium

origin

originally

to originate from X; to be a native of X; to be born in X

ornithine decarboxylase

ornithogalum; star of Bethlehem: a plant that contains cholestane glycosides

orofacial; mouth & face-related

oropharyngeal airway tube; oropharyngeal tube

oropharynx: oral part of the pharynx; the part of the pharynx that is below the soft palate and above the epiglottis

orphan drug: a drug for the treatment of a rare disease for which reasonable recovery of the sponsoring firm's research and development expenditure is not expected within a reasonable time

an orphan illness; orphan disease; a disease for which no treatment has been developed because of its rarity

orphon

orthodontic appliance

functional orthodontic appliance

retainer; orthodontic retainer: any orthodontic appliance used to maintain teeth in correct position

orthodontology; orthodontics, orthodonture: a branch of dentistry dealing with irregularities of the teeth and their correction as by means of braces

orthodox medicine

orthohepadnavirus: ground squirrel hepatitis B virus

orthopedic

orthopedic shoes; orthopedic footwear

orthopedic implant

orthopedic insert, insole

orthopedist; orthopedic surgeon

orthopedics; orthopedic surgery: using medical, surgical, and physical methods to treat & correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the skeletal system

orthopedic; correcting deformity

orthopedist; chiropodist

orthoscope: an ophthalmological instrument designed to show the condition of the superficial portions of the eye

orthosis: an orthopedic appliance used to support, correct deformities or improve the function of limbs

orthostatic hypotension; postural hypotension: a drop in blood pressure after standing or remaining motionless in a static position

orthostatic syndrome

orthostatic; upright posture-related

orthotic device; orthosis

osmolality: the concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent

osmolarity: the concentration of osmotically active particles expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per litre of solution

reverse osmosis

osmotic diuresis: diuresis due to a high concentration of osmotically active substances in the renal tubules which limit the reabsorption of water

osmotic diuretics: compounds that increase urine volume by increasing the amount of osmotically active solute in the urine; thus diluting electrolytes in the urine and making resorption less efficient

osmotic drug; osmotic tablet; intestinal therapeutic system

osmotic fragility test

colloidal osmotic pressure

osmotic; osmosis-related

osseous; bony

ossicle; a small bone in the inner ear

fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva; myositis ossificans; para-osteoarthropathy

ossification; bone formation

enchondral ossification; ossification of cartilage

ossifying

osteitis

osteitis fibrosa cystica; Recklinghausen disease

degenerative osteoarthritis

spinal osteoarthritis

osteoarthritis of the elbow

osteoarthritis, osteo-arthritis, arthrosis

cervical osteoarthritis; osteoarthritis in the neck vertebrae

osteoarthrosis

osteoblast; osteocyte

benign osteoblastoma; giant osteoid osteoma

bone GLa protein; osteocalcin

osteochondritis dissecans

osteochondritis: inflammation of a bone and its cartilage

hyperostosis corticalis generalisata; osteochondrodysplasia: abnormal development of cartilage and bone; multiple epiphyseal dysplasia; Melnick-Needles syndrome

osteochondroma; chondrosteoma; osteocartilaginous exostosis: cartilage-capped benign tumor that often appears as a stalk on the surface of bone

fibrosing osteochondroma; osteochondrofibroma

osteochondrosis; Legg-Calve-Perthes disease; capital femoral epiphysis

osteoclast: a large multinucleate cell formed from differentiated macrophage, responsible for the breakdown of bone

osteoclastic: breaking down bone tissue

osteocranium; the bony part of the skull

osteocyte: an osteoblast embedded in bony tissue that is relatively inactive

osteodesmosis

renal osteodystrophy

osteodystrophy; defective bone formation

distraction osteogenesis; bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction

non-osteogenic fibroma of bone

osteogenic sarcoma, osteosarcoma

periosteal osteogenic sarcoma, periosteal osteosarcoma

osteogenic; producing bone tissue

osteoid carcinoma

osteoid tissue: osseous tissue prior to calcification

osteolysis; bone dissolving

sinusal osteoma

osteoid osteoma: a benign tumor of spongy bone occurring in the bones of the extremities and vertebrae

osteomalacia; a condition marked by softening of the bones

sclerosing osteomyelitis

serous osteomyelitis

osteomyelitis of the jaw

osteomyelitis; bone inflammation

osteonecrosis

osteonecrosis of the lunate bone; Kienbock's disease

osteo-odontohypertrophic-varicose nevus syndrome

osteopathy; osteopathic medicine

osteopathy; osteosis

osteopetrosis

osteophyte

osteophytosis

spinal osteophytosis; spondylosis deformans; Barre-Lieou syndrome; posterior cervical sympathetic syndrome; Barré-Liéou syndrome: an outgrowth of immature bony processes from the vertebrae, due to degenerative disease and calcification

osteoplastic cancer

osteopoikily; osteopoikilosis

osteoporosis

osteoporosis

involutional osteoporosis; senile osteoporosis; type 2 osteoporosis

low-grade osteosarcoma

osteosarcoma: a malignant tumor of bone

osteosis cutis

osteosynthesis material

Henderson osteosynthesis operation

osteosynthesis; internal fracture fixation: the use of internal devices (metal plates, nails, rods, etc.) to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment

bone plate; osteotomy plate; an implantable fracture fixation device

wedge osteotomy; cuneiform osteotomy

osteotomy; cutting a bone

otic: related to the ear

chronic otitis

acute otitis media

secretory otitis media; otosclerosis; progressive deafness; SOM

otitis; ear inflammation

otology

otoplasty: surgery on the inner ear

otolaryngology; otorhinolaryngology; E.N.T, ear nose & throat specialization

serous otitis media; otorrhea; weeping ear; secretory otitis media

otospongiosis; otosclerosis

ototoxic; harmful to the organs of hearing and balance

clinical outbreak

primary outbreak

(health care) outcome assessment

clinical outcome, health outcome

outhouse

outpatient care

outpatient clinic, ambulatory care, outpatient treatment; outpatient care

outpatient psychiatric service; outpatient mental health service

outpatient therapy services

outpatient treatment; outpatient consultation

outpatient, ambulatory patient

outreach work

ovarian cyst; corpus luteum cyst;

ovarian dysgenesis

ovarian endocrine secretion

premature ovarian failure; gonadotropin-resistant ovary syndrome

ovarian follicle; Graafian follicle: a spheroid cell aggregation in the ovary containing an ovum

ovarian function tests

ovarian hormones

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

ovarian cancer; ovarian neoplasms; ovarian carcinoma

ovarian; ovary-related

ovariectomy; oophorectomy; excision of an ovary; spaying

ovaries

ovariprival arthropathy; arthropathy related to menopause

ovary

polycystic ovary syndrome; sclerocystic ovarian degeneration, sclerocystic ovaries

overcoat; coat

overdiagnosis

an overdose

overdosing, overdosage, overdose

cardiac electrostimulation; overdrive: a physiologic pacing technique to increase the heart rate & overcome an ectopic heart rythm

overeating

to overexert oneself

to overflow

overhead work; overhead job

OTC over-the-counter medicine, over-the-counter drugs; non-prescription medication

overtreatment

(noun) overweight

overweight, fat, chubby, pudgy; portly, stout

OMI; ovocyte meiosis inhibition

ovulation

ovulation inhibition; ovulation suppression

ovulation inhibitor; oral contraceptive

ovum; egg

oxacillin; Bristopen; semisynthetic penicillanase-resistant penicillin

oxalate: a salt of oxalic acid

oxalated blood

oxandrolone

C15H11ClN2O2 oxazepam

oxazolidinone: a new class of antibiotics

beta-oxidation

oxidation; adding oxygen

redox; oxidation-reduction: chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another

metabolic burst; oxidative burst; respiratory burst: a large increase in oxygen uptake by neutrophils & tissue macrophages through activation of an NADPH-cytochrome b-dependent oxidase that reduces oxygen to a superoxide

oxidative damage; oxidative stress

oxidative reaction

zinc oxide

cupric oxide, copper oxide; cuprous oxide

N2O; nitrous oxide, laughing gas; nitric oxide

oxidant; oxidizing agent

oxidoreductase: oxidase that uses molecular oxygen as electron acceptor

oximeter; oximetry

Ditropan XL; oxybutynin hydrochloride (used in treatment of some forms of urinary incontinence)

oxycodone; OxyContin®

oxygen

first aid oxygen generator

dissolved oxygen in water

oxygen inhalation

oxygen isotopes

oxygen poisoning

oxygen resuscitation apparatus

arterial oxygen saturation; oxygen saturation of hemoglobin; SaO2

oxygen tent

pure oxygen test

oxygen therapy

oxygen uptake, oxygen absorption, oxygen capacity

hyperbaric oxygenation

oxygenation capacity

oxygenation; distribution of oxygen

bubble oxygenator

oxygen-free radical

oxyhemoglobin; oxygenated hemoglobin

oxymetazoline

oxymetholone

oxymorphone: an opioid analgesic similar to morphine

oxyphencyclimine

oxytetracycline

oxytocic; hastening labor

oxytocics: drugs that stimulate contractions of the myometrium to induce labor

OCT; oxytocin challenge test; contraction stress test; CST; oxytocin sensitivity test

oxytocin receptors

C43H66N12O12S2 oxytocin: a pituitary hormone that causes the mammary alveoli to squeeze milk out into the ducts through which it travels to the gland and teat cisterns

ozone

the ozone layer, ozonesphere

ozone therapy

O3 ozone: a molecule made of three linked ozone atoms

ozone-damaging emissions

P

artificial P1 bacteriophage chromosomes

cardiac pacemaker

wandering pacemaker

dual-chamber pacemaker: a pacemaker that monitors & paces a chamber of the upper heart and a chamber of the lower heart at the same time

pachipleuritis

pacinian corpuscles: rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors found in subcutaneous tissue

paclitaxel: an antineoplastic agent derived from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia

dimethylamine; padimate: the active ingredient in sunscreen lotions; benzoïc acid 2-ethyl hexyl ester

Paget's disease; Paget carcinoma

pagophagia

ischemic pain

pain asymbolia

multidisciplinary pain center; pain clinic, pain management clinic: a clinic providing diagnostic, therapeutic, and palliative services for patients with severe chronic pain

pain killer, analgesic, pain reliever; painkiller

pain gauge; pain measurement; pain assessment; analogue pain scale

pain threshold; threshold of pain

abdominal pain, abdominalgia, pain in the belly

unbearable pain, insufferable pain

pain; ache

pain; suffering

painful, aching, sore

painkiller

painless

pain-relieving treatment; comfort measures

Painter's syndrome, solvent syndrome, chronic toxic encephalopathy

hard palate; roof of the mouth

soft palate; velum

lesser palatine artery

palatine glands

palatine tonsil; pharyngeal tonsil

palatine, palatal

turning pale; blanching; going pallid

pale; pallid

palindrome

palindromic; recrudescent; recurring

to palliate; to relieve

a palliative

palliative care

palliative surgery

palliative therapy, palliative treatment, palliative care; hospice care

(adjective) palliative; giving relief but not cure

pallidum

palm of the hand

palmar, volar: regarding the palm of the hand or sole of the foot

palmature

palm-chin reflex; palmomental reflex

saw palmetto

palmitic acid

palmoplantar diffuse keratosis with watch-glass nails & osteohypertrophy

palmoplantar keratosis with esophageal carcinoma

palmoplantar keratosis with inner-ear deafness; labyrinthine hypoacusia

non-palpable, impalpable

palpable, tangible

palpate, touch, feel

abdominal palpation

palpation

palpebral

palpebral aperture; palpebral fissure

palpebral point; palpebral nerve pressure point

blinking reflex; palpebral reflex; lash reflex; eyelid closure reflex

palpebral; eyelid-related

palpitation of the heart

heart palpitation, cardiac anxiety

cardiac palpitation; heart throbbing; cardiophobia; heart palpitations

cerebral palsy, athetosis

lead palsy, lead paralysis

pamidronate: a cancer-fighting medication

PABA; p-aminobenzoïc acid; para-aminobenzoïc acid: a member of the vitamin B complex

pamphlet; brochure

panacea: a remedy for all ills

pancarditis: inflammation of the entire heart

Pancoast's syndrome

colectomy; pancolectomy: extirpation of the entire colon

artificial pancreas

pancreas: a racemose gland near the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes & insulin

pancreatectomy

pancreatic

pancreatic alpha-amylase

pancreatic apoplexy, hemorrhagic apoplexy of the pancreas

pancreatic cancer; pancreatic neoplasm

WDHA syndrome; pancreatic cholera: watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria; vasoactive intestinal peptide secreted by pancreatic isleT-cell tumor; VIPoma

pancreatic cyst

pancreatic disease; disease of the pancreatic

Wirsung pancreatic duct

pancreatic elastase; pancreatopeptidase

pancreatic enzyme

pancreatic exocrine dysfunction

pancreatic function tests

pancreatic insufficiency

pancreatic juice

pancreatic lipase

infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

infectious pancreatic necrosis: a viral disease of salmon & other fish

pancreatic polypeptide

pancreatic pseudocyst; pseudocyst of the pancreas

pancreaticoduodenal artery

pancreaticogastrostomy

pancreatitis; inflammation of the pancreas

pancreatopeptidase E; pancreatic elastase: a protease obtained from dried pancreas

pancreatoptosis

pancytopenia; aplastic anemia

(noun) pandemic, holo-endemic, widespread epidemic

(adjective) pandemic; holo-endemic

panic attack

panic attack; panic disorder

sense of panic, sensation of panic

feline panleucopenia; feline distemper; panleukopenia

allergic panmyelopathy

lupoid panmyelopathy

panmyelopathy; panmyelophthisis

Panner disease; Panner syndrome

mesenteric panniculitis

panniculitis; inflammation of fat under the skin

panniculus adiposus; a layer of fat

women's panties, women's underwear

pantoprazole: a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

pantothenic acid

pantothenic acid deficiency syndrome

pantothenic acid: beta-Alanine, N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl

swab; pap test; smear test

papain: a thiol protease made from Carica papaya (pawpaws)

cutaneous papilla

dental papilla

papilla

optic disk; papilla of the optic nerve; optic nerve head; optic papilla; blind spot

hair papilla; papilla pili

filiform papillae

renal papillary necrosis; kidney papillary necrosis; renal medullary necrosis

papillary; nipple-related

papillary carcinoma; papillocarcinoma

papilledema; papilloedema; swollen optical disk

human papilloma virus; HPV; human papillomavirus

papillomacular fibers

peritoneal papillomatosis

papillomatosis

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome

papule; mole

paper-thin; papyraceous; chartaceous

para-aminohippuric acid; p-aminohippuric acid

para-analgesic

para-aortic

para-aortic bodies

parabiosis

paracentesis; abdominal tap; drawing fluid from a body cavity

paracervical anesthesia; paracervical block anaesthesia

paracrine signaling; paracrine communication

paracrinia

paracystitis: inflammation of the connective tissues around the urinary bladder

paradoxical

crossed embolism; paradoxical embolism

paradoxical phenomenon

paradoxical pulse

paradoxical respiration; paradoxical diaphragm phenomenon

paresthesia; paraesthesia: abnormal neurological sensations such as numbness, tingling, burning, prickling, or increased sensitivity; pins & needles

paraffin bath, wax bath

paraflexia; dysreflexia

paraformaldehyde paste

trioxymethylene; paraformaldehyde: a polymer of formaldehyde, used as a disinfectant; trioxane

chromaffin cells; paraganglion

paragonimiasis; oriental lung fluke disease; parasitic hemoptysis; pulmonary distomiasis; infection with paragonimus trematodes

para-immunity

human parainfluenza virus 2; CA virus; the virus associated with croup

paralgesia

parallactic displacement

parallel

paralysis of the deltoid muscle

paralysis of the obturator nerve

paralysis, palsy

vesical paralysis, paralysis of the bladder

paralysis: loss or impairment of motor function in a part due to lesion of the neural or muscular mechanism

facial paralysis; Bell's palsy; a syndrome characterized by unilateral facial paralysis which progresses over a 2-5 day period

speech paralysis; laloplegia; speech disorder

paralyssa: a paralytic form of rabies caused by the bite of the vampire bat

paralytic

paralytic abasia

paralytic dysarthria; bulbar dysarthria

to paralyze using curare, to curarize, to treat with curare

(adjective) paramedical; paramedic

paramedics; paramedical personnel

parameter; criterium

parametritis; pelvic cellulitis

parametrium: an extension of the subserous coat of the supracervical portion of the uterus

paramyotonia congenita; congenital ataxic paramyotonia

paramyotonia; myotonic disorders

paramyxovirus

paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome; paraneoplastic syndrome of the nervous system

paraneoplastic syndrome

expansive querulous paranoia

paranoia

persecution paranoia: psychosis characterized by systematized delusions of persecution

paranoiac

sensitive paranoiac; reference delusion

paranoid

paranoid personality

paraoxon

paraphernalia

paraphrenia

paraphrenitis

spastic paraplegia; paralysis of lower body & legs; loss of motor function in the lower extremities

paraplegic (a person)

paraplegic (adjective)

faulty act; parapraxis; faulty achievement

parapsychology

obligate parasite

parasite

facultative parasite

wound parasite

internal parasite; endoparasite

intestinal parasite; parasitic worm

parasitic diseases

parasitic; parasite-related

parasitology examination in feces; parasites examination of feces

parasitology: the study of parasites

parasomnia

REM sleep parasomnias; REM sleep-related sinus arrest

parasuicide

parasympathetic

parasympathetic innervation

parasympathetic nervous system

cranial parasympathetic outflow: myelinated preganglionic axons that emerge from the brain stem in four cranial nerves

parasympathicolytic

atropine; parasympatholytic agent

parasympathomimetic, parasympathicomimetic

parasystole; parasystolic beat

phosphorothioic acid; parathion, OO-Diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate

parathormone; parathyrin; parathyroid hormone

parathyroid

parathyroid glands

parathyroidectomy: excision of a parathyroid gland

paratuberculosis

paratyphoid

paratyphoid fever

paratyphus

paratyphus vaccine

para-umbilical

paraureteral

paravenous; beside a vein

paraventricular

paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

paravertebral

paravertebral anesthesia

paravertebral blockade

paravertebral injection

paravesical

paravesical abscess

paregoric; 1 camphorated opium tincture; 2 an antidiarrheal agent

parenchyma; functional tissue of an organ

parenchyma; storage tissue

traumatic parenchyma; wound parenchyma

parenchymal liver cell

parenchymatous glossitis

parent abuse

parental consent

parent-child relations

parenteral feeding; parenteral nutrition; intravenous feeding

parenteral; not by mouth

parenting

parents

paresis; partial paralysis

paresthesia: abnormal neurological sensations which may include numbness, tingling, burning, prickling & increased sensitivity

cranial parietal bones

gastric parietal cells

parietal fontanelle

parietal lobe

parietal pleurisy

parietal roots of the inferior vena cava

parietal; outer wall-related

parity: number of offspring a female has borne

Parkinson's disease results from a gradual loss of the brain cells that produce dopamine

Parkinson's tremor

paronychia; inflammation of the nail skin

parotid tumor; parotid cancer; parotid neoplasm; mixed parotis tumor

parotid duct

parotid gland

parotid plexus of facial nerve; parotid plexus

parotitis; parotiditis

parotitis; swollen salivary glands

paroxysmal cough; staccato cough

paroxysmal dyspnea

paroxysmal; in sudden attacks

resin-bonded fixed partial denture; Maryland bridge; resin-bonded acid-etched fixed partial denture

permanent partial disability

W.M. type partial hemiplegia; Wernicke-Mann partial hemiplegia

partial plate; occlusal plate

activated partial thromboplastin time; cephalin-kaolin coagulation time

participant; partaker

recruitment of participants

participation

particle

magnetic particle detector

life partner

partner abuse

signficant other; partner; mate

partners

part-time employment

parturient: relating to childbirth

parturition; giving birth

parulis

parvovirus (causes erythema infectiosum)

passive

passive smoking

mental automatism; passivity phenomenon; Clérambault-Kandinsky complex

paste

Pasteur pipette

pasteurella infections

Pasteurella multocida; Pasteurella septica

Pasteurella pestis, Yersinia pestis: the bacteria that causes bubonic plague

pasteurellaceae

pasteurellosis

pneumonic pasteurellosis: a bovine respiratory disease; bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis

pastoral care

eye patch

to patch

patchouli oil

patellar prosthesis; patellar tendon-bearing below-knee prosthesis

patellar reflex; knee jerk reflex; patellar tendon reflex

patellar suture; prepatellar suture; cerclage of the patella

patellar tendon: the tendon which connects the quadriceps muscle to the tibia

patellofemoral arthrosis

paternal inheritance

pathogen; any disease-producing organism

pathogenesis

pathogenic property of organisms carrying new genetic information

pathogenous; pathogenic: capable of causing disease; related to the origin & development of a disease

pathognomonic

pathological; disease study-related; pertaining to pathology

clinical pathologist

speech pathologist

pathologist

anatomical pathologist, anatomo-pathologist

clinical pathology

experimental pathology

surgical pathology

hospital pathology department

pathology of the central nervous system

speech pathology, language pathology; auditory training

mental pathology, pathopsychology; psychopathology

anatomical pathology; pathological anatomy; morbid anatomy: anatomic pathology: determines if tissues are in fact abnormal or diseased

pathophysiology, physiopathology

patient

patient advocacy

ombudsman; patient advocate

patient care, inpatient care, hospital care

patient choice

patient education

patient participation

patient support

PCA pump; patient-controlled analgesia: relief from pain through an analgesic agent administered by the patient

patients

patients' association

patient's chart

patients' rights

designing patient-specific prescriptions

pattern; profile; template

C7H6O4 patulin; clavacin, claviformin; a very toxic colorless crystalline antibiotic produced by a mold (Aspergillus clavatus or Penicillium patulum)

pavulon

paw, foot (animal term)

paroxetine; Paxil: a common anti-depressant drug, classified as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

PCaP gene; supposedly a gene which predisposes a man for cancer of the prostate

peak flow; lung power

peak; spike

pectin

pectinate

pectoral muscle

pectoral reflex

pedestrian

pediatric

pediatric oncology

pediatrician

pediatrics, paediatrics

pedicle of the arch of a vertebra; root of vertebral arch

pedicle of vertebral arch; collum arcus vertebrarum;

abdominal pedicle; pedicle of the allantois

pediculosis pubis

pediculosis; infestation with lice

pediculus; body louse

pedicure; chiropody

pedigree; genealogy

pedodontics

pedological trait

pedophilia

peduncle

peduncle of cerebellum; pediculus

on a stalk; pedunculated; pediculate

peer education

peer group

peer pressure

peer review

Pelger-Hüet anomaly; Pelger nuclear anomaly

peliosis hepatis; hepatic peliosis

PMD; Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease

pellagra: a disease marked by gastrointestinal disorders, mental disturbance, dermatitis and memory loss. It's due to a dietary deficiency in niacin and protein

Pellegrini's disease; Pellegrini-Stieda disease

zona pellucida; pellucid zone: the transport non-cellular envelope around the ovum, before & after fertilization; striated membrane

pelvic

pelvic examination; vaginal digital examination

pelvic exenteration: removal of all of the organs & adjacent structures of the pelvis

musculature of pelvic floor

pelvic floor; floor of the pelvis

pelvic girdle

pelvic infection; pelvic disease

PID Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; adnexitis; inflammation of the female upper genital tract & the supporting tissues

pelvic mass

pelvic muscles

pelvic pain

pelvic presentation, breech presentation; footling presentation

pelvic scan

pelvic support

clinical pelvimetry

X-ray pelvimetry

pelvis

masculine pelvis; pelvis of a man

pemphigoid

bullous pemphigoid; bullous eczema

bromine pemphigus

pemphigus erythematosus; Senear-Usher disease

pemphigus foliaceous

ocular pemphigus; benign mucosal phemphigoid

Brazilian pemphigus; pemphigus brasiliensis

pemphigus; serious skin disease

pempidine tartrate: a nicitonic antagonist

genetic penetrance

penetrating

partial penetrating keratoplasty

penetrating wound

cutaneous penetration

penetration

high-frequency penetration of the hypophysis

N-acetyl penicillamine

D-penicillamine; Cuprimine

penicillin

penicillin G; benzyl-penicillin

penicillinase; penicillin-destroying enzyme

penicillium chrysogenum

cuneate funiculus; peniculus anterolateralis (medullal spinalis); posterior funiculus in Edinger bundle

Peyronie's disease; penile plastic induration; penile fibromatosis; van Buren's disease

penile prosthesis, penile implant

penis; phallus

pentagastrin test

pentagastrin: a synthetic polypeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally

Pentastam: a derivative of antimony; sodium stibogluconate

pentazocine: a mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic

pentosan polysulfate

pentose

hexose monophosphate shunt; pentose phosphate pathway; pentose phosphate shunt

a derivative of methylxanthine: pentoxifylline: a drug that improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility, inhibiting phosphodiesterase

peptic

peptic ulcer

peptic; digestion-related

T-peptid

peptide

peptide chain elongation

peptide fingerprint, peptide map

peptide receptor

perception

hemispatial neglect; perception disorder; perceptual disturbance; perceptual disorder

perceptual distortion

perceptual speed

transhepatic percutaneous cholangiography

automated percutaneous lumbar diskectomy, automated percutaneous diskectomy

percutaneous; through the skin

perennial; persistent

perfluorocarbon

perforated bowel; intestinal perforation

valvular perforation

perforation

perforation

performance indicators

perfusion solution; infusion solvents

perfusion; through passage of fluid; infusion, drip-feeding

perianal abscess

perianal; anus-related

periapex of a tooth

nodular disease; periarteritis nodosa; polyarteritis nodosa; necrotizing arteritis; necrotizing vasculitis of medium-sized arteries

periarthritis of the hip

periarthritis of the knee

periarthritis; joint inflammation

pericardial cavity

pericardial concretion

pericardial cyst

pericardial fluid

pericardial rustling sound; tenophony, pericardial murmur

pericardial sac; parietal pericardium

pericardial scar

pericardiocentesis, puncture of the pericardium; pericardial tap; pericardicentesis

pericardiostomy; pericardial window technique

rheumatic pericarditis

acute beningn pericarditis

amoebic pericarditis

uremic pericarditis

pericarditis due to myocardial infarction

constrictive pericarditis of pulmonary artery; Pick liver cirrhosis

adhesive pericarditis; fibropericarditis

pericarditis; inflammation of the pericardium

pericardium: a membrane that contains the heart

perichondrium

pericranium: the periosteum which covers the cranium externally; the region around the cranium

peridural injection

peridural; outside the brain/spinal cord

perinatal care

perinatal monitoring

perinatal mortality

perinatal period

perinatal; shortly after (or before) the birth

perinatology; perinatal medicine

perineal fistula

perineal hernia

perineal hyperhidrosis

perineal hypospadia

perineal; pelvis-related

perineoplasty: plastic surgery of pelvic floor

perineum: the area between the vagina & anus. If an episiotomy is needed during childbirth, it is the perineum that is cut

period of action

a woman's period; menstrual flow

periodic

periodic table of the elements

periodontal atrophy

periodontal cyst; dental root cyst

periodontal disease, periodontosis

periodontal ligament

periodontal pack; surgical pack: a surgical dressing applied over the surgical wound following periodontal operations to provide a matrix for the regeneration of tissue and enhance healing processes

periodontal pocket: an abnormal extension of gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption

night guard; periodontal splints; mouthguard; resin base; biteguard

periodontics; periodontology: a dental specialty concerned with the histology, physiology & pathology of the tissues that support, attach, and surround the teeth, and the treatment & prevention of disease affecting these tissues

paradentitis; periodontitis, alveolitis; inflammation of the periodontal membrane; periodontitis simplex

periodontolysis; periodontoclasia; pyorrhea alveolaris parodontitis; gingivopericementitis; dysparodontia

perioperative; immediate pre and post-operative

perioral; mouth-related

peri-orbital hematoma

periorbital; eye socket-related

periosteal exostosis

periosteum: the membrane of connective tissue that closely invests all bones except at the articular surfaces

periostitis ossificans

dental periostitis; alveolitis

peripheral

reduction in peripheral blood flow

disturbed peripheral blood flow

peripheral blood lymphocyte

peripheral blood stem cell transplant, PBSCT

peripheral nerve

peripheral nerve injury

peripheral nervous system

peripheral sinus; marginal sinus

eccentric vision; peripheral vision; extrafoveal vision

peristaltic action; peristalsis; a progressive, wavelike movement which pushes food though the intestines

peristaltic

infusion pump; peristaltic pump

perithyphlitis; periappendicitis: an inflammation of the connective tissue about the cecum

peritoneal abscess; encysted peritonitis

peritoneal carcinoma

peritoneal cavity

peritoneal irrigation; peritoneal dialysis; peritoneal lavage; transperitoneal dialysis

peritoneal epithelium

peritoneal puncture

peritoneal recessus

peritoneoscope

peritoneoscopy

peritoneum: the smooth serous membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen

circumscribed peritonitis

peritonitis: inflammation of the peritoneum

perityphlitic

perityphlitic abscess

periumbilical

periurethral abscess

perivascular fibrous capsule; Glisson's capsule; hepatobiliary capsule

perivascular; around a vessel

permanent

permeability

permeability of cells

gas-permeable contact lenses

permeable; pervious; porous

pernicious; fatal

peroneal

peroneal artery

peroral; by mouth

peroxidase activity

peroxidase antibody test

peroxisomal disorder; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy; infantile Refsum disease; hyperpipecolic acidemia

microbody; peroxisome: an organelle containing peroxidase and catalase

PBzN: peroxybenzoyl nitrate; peroxy benzoyl nitrate

perpendicular

perphenazine

persistent pain; chronic pain

persistent, chronic

person with a physical disability

person with multiple traumas

personal development

personal hygiene

personal relationships

personal safety

personality

personality disorder

Myers-Briggs type indicator; personality inventory; Edwards personal preference schedule; personality questionnaire

personalized information

insensible perspiration, breathing of the skin

perspiration; sweating

persuasion; convincing

pertussis

double pertussis attack

pertussis; whooping cough

perversion

pes valgus; duck feet

pessary, a birth control device

pesticides

petechiae; small, purplish red spot

pethidine hydrochloride; meperidine hydrochloride

petiole, peduncle

petit mal quartet

petit mal; minor epilepsy

petri dish

crude petroleum jelly, petrolatum

refined petroleum jelly, Vaseline

mescaline; peyote; Lophophora williamsii; trimethoxyphenethylamine; peyotl; mescal; Anhalonium lewinii

pH

pH balance; pH equilibrium

acid-base equilibrium; pH of the body; the acid-base balance of the organism

phacoemulsification

phacolysis

defective phage

phage immunity

phage lambda

phagocyte, carrier cell, scavenger cell

phagocytic

mononuclear phagocytic system

phagocytosis; destruction of bacteria

phagolysosome

phalanges

phallic phase; phallic stage; the third stage of childhood psychosocial development

phallic; penile

phalloidine; a toxic polypeptide isolated from Amanita phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup mushroom

phantom pain; phantom limb syndrome; phantom sensation

phantom tumor; pseudotumor; false tumor

(adjective) pharmaceutical

(noun) pharmaceutical (product)

pharmaceutical botany

pharmaceutical degree of purity

the pharmaceutical industry

specialty pharmaceutical product; drug specialty; proprietary medicinal product

pharmaceutical services

pharmacological testing; pharmaceutical testing; pharmaceutical tests

pharmaceutics

druggist; pharmacist, chemist

pharmacodynamic action

pharmacodynamics: study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs

pharmacoepidemiology

pharmacogenetics; pharmacogenomics: the convergence of pharmacology and genetics dealing with genetically determined responses to drugs

pharmacokinetic interaction

pharmacokinetics; metabolism, distribution, chemical absorption & elimination of drugs in the body over a period of time

pharmacological action; pharmacological properties

pharmacological; drug science-related

clinical pharmacology

pharmacology: science of the discovery, chemistry, effects, uses & manufacture of drugs

pharmacomania; abusive taking of drugs

pharmacon; drug

pharmacopeia; codex

pharmacophoric pattern; pharmacophor; pharmacophore: the ensemble of steric and electronic features that is necessary to ensure the optimal supramolecular interactions with a specific biological target structure & to trigger or block its biological response

pharmaco-toxicological protocol

pharmacovigilance; monitoring of drugs used

pharmacy; drug store

pharmatoxicological

pharyngeal bursa; Luschka's bursa

pharyngeal cough

pharyngeal fornix

guttural glands; pharyngeal glands

pharyngeal membrane; pharyngobasilar membrane; fascia pharyngobasilaris; oropharyngeal membrane

pharyngeal muscles: muscles of the pharynx; the inferior, middle & superior constrictors, salpingopharyngeus, and stylopharyngeus

gagging; pharyngeal reflex; gag reflex

pharyngeal stridor

chronic pharyngitis

lateral pharyngitis, lateral angina

pharyngitis; inflammation of the pharynx; sore throat

pharynx: the part of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the esophagus

oral part of pharynx; oropharynx

phase

phase contrast optical microscope

PC MRA; phase-contrast MRA; phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography

electronic phased-array sector scanner; phased-array ultrasonograph

phasmid

phenacetin; aceto-phenetidin; an analgesic

PCD; phencyclidine; PCP, angel dust

phenindione; an indandione

oxazimedrine; phenmetrazine: a sympathomimetic drug used as an appetite suppressant

phenobarbital: a crystalline barbiturate used as a sedative

PST, phenolphthalein test

C20H14O4 ; phenolphthaleine; phenolphthalein; a chemical compound used as a laxative; also used as a hydrogen ion indicator; it may be carcinogenic.

physical phenomena

phenomenon

phenothiazine

phenothiazine tranquilizers; phenothiazine antipsychotic agents; phenothiazine derivatives

Dibenzothiazine; phenothiazine: an antipsychotic agent

mutant phenotype

phenotype: the total characteristics displayed by an organism under a particular set of environmental factors, regardless of the actual genotype of the organism

phenotypic frequency

phenotypical

phenoxybenzamine: an alpha-adrenergic antagonist used as a peripheral vasodilator

phenylalanine

phenylenediamine

phenylethylamine

phenylketonuria

2-phenylphenol; phen-phen: an appetite suppressant

C6H5CHOHCH(CH3)NH2 phenylpropanolamine; norephedrine

phenytoin; Dilantin; a medication used to treat seizure disorders & epilepsy; diphenylhydantoin

pheochromocytoma: a normally benign neoplasia (neuroblastoma) of the chromaffin tissue of the adrenal medulla; a functioning paraganglioma

sexual pheromones; sex attractants

Philadelphia chromosome

phlebitis; vein inflammation

phlebography; vein X-ray

phlebosclerosis

phlebostasis: abnormally slow motion of blood in veins; venostasis

phlebotomist

phlebotomy needle

phlebotomy; bloodletting

phlegm; viscid mucus

cat bite phlegmon

glandular phlegmon (inflammation)

phlegmon of the chin

phlegmon: a thick, viscous or stringy mucous

cervical phlegmon; cervical mucus

conjunctival phlyctena; phlyctenula

phobia

phobic disorders; phobias

breathy phonation, breathy voice, throaty voice

acid phosphatase

alkaline phosphatase

phosphatidylcholine: the main phospholipid of mammalian cell membranes

phosphatidylethanolamine

phosphoinositides; phosphatidylinositols; inositol phosphoglycerides; inositolphospholipids; ptdins

phosphodiesterase; an enzyme that cleaves phosphodiesters

PGM, phosphoglucomutase

phospholipids; phosphatides: major structural lipids of most cellular membranes

phosphonate

phosphonecrosis

phosphoproteins

anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase; phosphoribosylanthranilate pyrophosphorylase

amino-phosphoric acid

H3PO4 phosphoric acids

phosphorothioate

phosphorus insecticide sprayed into the air

phosphorus poisoning; phosphorism

phosphorus 

phosphorylation: the creation of a phosphate derivative of an organic molecule

oxidative phosphorylation: the phosphorylation of ATP coupled to the respiratory chain

phosphorylcholine; choline chloride dihydrogen phosphate; choline phosphate chloride

phosphotransferase

photalgia: pain in the eyes from bright lights

photobleaching

photochemical smog

photocoagulation: ophthalmic treatment in which a laser beam is used to destroy or seal blood vessels in the eye; photocautery

PDT, photodynamic therapy; phototherapy: a cancer treatment using the interaction between laser light & an injected substance that makes cells more sensitive to light

photon equilibrium

extracorporeal photopheresis; extracorporeal photochemotherapy

photophobia; intolerance to light

photosensitivity; an over-sensitivity to light. Photoallergy & photoxicity are two main types.

photosensitization; developing over-sensitivity to sunlight

phototherapy

phototransduction

phrenic

phrenic nerve: the motor nerve of the diaphragm

phrenology

Phthirus pubis

phycocyanin: a bluish green pigment in a conjugated chromoprotein of blue-green algae

algal viruses; phycodnaviridae

phyllodes tumor; cystosarcoma phyllodes; a large mammary fibroadenoma with sarcoma-like stroma

phylogeny; phylogenesis

phymosis; phimosis: a narrowing of the foreskin such that it cannot be pulled back to uncover the glans penis

physarum polycephalum

physiatrist: a doctor specializing in physical medicine & rehabilitation

physiatry: physical medicine and rehabilitation

physical

physical & mental disability, physical & mental deterioration

physical activity

somatology; physical anthropology

test of physical condition

physical development

physical disabilities

physical disability, physical handicap; physical incapacity; physical disability

physical training; physical education

medical, physical exam; medical examination

physical fitness; physical ability

mental or physical impairment

physiatry; physical medicine

physiotherapist; physical therapist

physical therapy, physiatrics; physiotherapy

mentally or physically disabled

consulting physician

treating physician

physician self-referral

attending physician, treating physician: the physician who is legally responsible for the care given to a patient in a hospital

senior physician; chief physician; medical superintendent

physician; doctor

woman physician; lady doctor

physician-nurse relations

physician-patient relations; physician-patient relationship

Physician's Assistant, PA

physician's role

medical secretary; physician's secretary

physicochemical; physics and chemistry-related

physics

physiognomy

ape fissure, physiologic diastema; simian fissure

physiological decrease in weight

physiological high-altitude limit

physiological noise

physiological processes

saline; physiological salt; physiological saline solution

physiological sequelae of malnutrition

physiological; normal; not psychological in origin

physiological; physiologic

physiologist

physiology

human physiology

physiology of development

physiology of nutrition

physiology of reproduction

physiology of the host cell

physiopathologic; physiopathological

physiotherapy

eserine; physostigmine

phytanic acid: a 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid

phytic acid; inositol hexaphosphate; phytin

phytochrome: a blue-green biliprotein complex in plants

phytoestrogen

phytohemagglutinin

growth substance; phytohormone; plant hormone: a plant-derived substance which has estrogenic activity in animals

phytol

phytopharmaceutical product; a medicinal product of plant origin; herbal medicine

phytosterol; plant sterol

phytotherapy; herbal treatment; herbal medicine

pia mater

to pick one's nose

picornaviridae infection

picornavirus; a virus that causes foot & mouth disease; pico-RNA-virus

picric acid

to pierce the skin; to puncture; to penetrate

pigeon breeder's lung

piggyback (of an IV line)

pigment

pigmentary degeneration of the retina; retinitis pigmentosa

pigmentary tumor; colored tumescence

pigmentation disorder

skin pigmentation; skin coloring

to take a pill

pill bottle, medicinal flask

pill popper

a pill; tablet

the pill; the oral contraceptive

pillow case

pillow, cushion; bolster

C11H16N2O2 pilocarpine

pilocarpine provocation

piloerection; hair standing up on end

pilomotor reflex; pilomotor reaction

pilosebaceous: pertaining to the hair follicles and the sebaceous glands

pimple, pustule, furuncle, particularly on the scalp

pimple; acne pustule; blackhead; zit

spike; pin; rod; screw; post; point

to pinch

pineal body; pineal gland, epiphysis cerebri

pineal neoplasm; pinealoma; pineocytoma; pineoblastoma

pineoblastoma pineocitoma; pinocytosis; cell drinking

pinprick; pricking

tingling; pins and needles, formication

pinworm; Enterobius: an intestinal nematode worm

piperacillin: a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, ampicillin-derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic

piperazine adipate: a veterinary anthelmintic

C8H6O3 piperonal; heliotropin

graduated pipette

piriform; pear-shaped

piroplasmosis; tick fever; babesiosis; Babesia infection

scarification test; Pirquet's reaction; dermotuberculin reaction; von Pirquet's reaction; von Pirquet's cutireaction; von Pirquet's test

pisiform

pit of the stomach

pituita; phlegm

pituitary gland

pityriasiform seborrheic dermatitis; parakeratosic eczema

pityriasis; scaling of the skin

placebo: a dummy medical treatment; dummy medication

expulsion of the placenta

placenta previa: a placenta which develops in the lower uterine segment, in the zone of dilatation

afterbirth; placenta; a discoid, villous, hemochorial, chorioallantoic & deciduate organ in pregnant women that provides endocrine secretion & selective exchange of soluble bloodborne substances to the fetus

placental barrier; placental membrane

placental circulation; fetoplacental circulation

placental hormones; placenta hormones

placental incarceration

placental defect; placental insufficiency; fetal malnutrition; placental failure

placental lactogen; chorionic somatomammotropin: a polypeptide hormone secreted by the placenta that enters the maternal circulation before the birth of a baby

destructive placental mole; chorio-adenoma destruens; invasive hydatiform mole

placental septa: incomplete partitions between placental cotyledons

placental stage: third stage of labor, which begins when delivery of the baby is complete and ends when the placenta & membranes are delivered

PPO: Plan Physician Only; Preferred Provider Organization

plane; flat surface

laminagraph; planigraph; stratigraph

planning

plantar wart

plantar: pertaining to the sole of the foot

plants containing mind-altering substances

blood plasma

plasma cell

peak plasma concentration; peak plasma level

blood plasma donor

blood substitute; plasma expander; blood expander

plasma expansion

critical plasma fibrinogen level

renal plasma flow: the amount of plasma that perfuses the kidneys

venous plasma glucose

plasma level

outer membrane; plasma membrane: the external, limiting lipid bilayer membrane of cells; plasma lemma; Wachendorf's membrane

plasma profile

plasma protein; blood protein

plasma substitute; blood expander; plasma volume expander

low plasma volume

plasma volume

human plasma; blood plasma

plasma cell; plasmacyte: a non-granular, basophilic leukocyte that produces antibodies; plasmocyte

solitary plasmacytoma

plasmacytosis

plasmapheresis, plasma exchange; removal of plasma & replacement with other fluids

inactive plasmid

plasmid vector

plasmid: an extracomromosomal, self-replicating circular bit of DNA usually found in bacteria; used for transfer of DNA by genetic modification

plasmidic incompatibility; plasmid incompatibility

plasmin: a product of the lysis of plasminogen by plasminogen activators

plasminogen activator

urinary plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator

tissue-type plasminogen activator; t-PA; TPA

plasminogen inactivator; plasminogen activator inhibitors

plasminogen; a precursor of fibrinolysin; an enzyme precursor & fibrinolytic agent

Plasmodium: a parasite that causes malaria (paludism); a type of protozoa able to divide only within a host cell

adhesive plaster

plaster bandage splint, plaster splint

plaster cast, plaster splint, plaster bandage

plaster of Paris

plaster shears

plastic surgeon

plastic surgery by a flap method

plastic surgery on the femoral head

plastic surgery; restorative surgery

genetic plasticity

physiological plasticity

plasticity

PAF; platelet activating factor

platelet adhesion

antiplatelets; platelet aggregation inhibitors; inhibitors of platelet aggregation

blood platelet aggregation; platelet clumping

platelet function test

platelet glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa complex

blood platelet; thrombocyte

PDGF; platelet-derived growth factor

PDGF-R; platelet-derived growth factor receptors

platinum

platyspondylia; platyspondylisis

platyspondylia; platyspondyly

plausibility; credibility; probability

playground

pleomorphic; polymorphic

plethora

plethysmography: recording of change in the size of a part as modified by the circulation in it

costal pleura

pleura

pleural

pleural adhesion

pleural carcinomatosis; carcinomatosis pleurae

pleural cavity

pleural cough

pleural decortication; pleurectomy

pleural exudate

pleural fibrosis; pleuritic callosity; pleural thickening

pleural fremitus

pleural mesothelioma

pleural needle biopsy

pleural plaque

pleural thickening, pleuritic callosity

chronic dry pleurisy

hemorrhagic pleurisy

pleurisy, pleuritis, hydrothorax

purulent pleurisy, pleuropyesis; suppurative pleurisy; pyothorax

serofibrinous pleurisy: a form of pleurisy characterized by fibrinous exudate on the surface of the pleura and effusion of serous fluid into the pleural cavity

exudative pleurisy; pleurisy with effusion; serous pleurisy

pleuritic: pertaining to pleurisy

pleurodesis: a procedure to produce adhesions between the parietal and visceral pleura

pleurodynia: a painful affection of the side

pleuroperitoneal cavity

pleuroperitoneal hiatus; Bochdalek's hernia

pleuropneumonia: pleurisy associated with pneumonia

Boeke basic plexus

gastric plexus

plexus; network

lacrimal fold; plica lacrimalis; Hasner's fold; Cruveilhier's valve

plica, fold of skin or tissue

plication; plicature: a folding or putting together in pleats

pneumatic ischemia

pneumocephalus

pneumococcal infections

pneumococcal vaccine; pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; any vaccine used to prevent infections with streptococcus pneumoniae

antimony pneumoconiosis

pneumoconiosis: fibrosis & scarring of the lungs due to long-term dust inhalation; silicosis

complicated pneumoconiosis; progressive massive fibrosis

PCP; pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: an opportunistic pulmonary disease occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants

pneumohemorrhagic anemia

pneumomediastinum

atypical pneumonia

viral pneumonia

bacterial pneumonia

bronchial pneumonia

mycoplasma pneumonia

septic pneumonia

lipoid pneumonia; lipid pneumonia; pneumonolipoidosis; oil aspiration pneumonia

pneumococcal pneumonia; lobar pneumonia

pneumonic hepatization

Pali plague; pneumonic plague

radiation pneumonitis

pneumonitis

ventilation pneumonitis, humidifier fever, humidifier lung, humidifier and air conditioner pneumonitis

chemical pneumonitis; chemical worker's lung; chemical pneumonia

pneumopathy; lung disease

Graf pneumothorax

tension pneumothorax

valvular pneumothorax

pneumothorax

Pneumovax vaccine

pockmark; pock mark

to have pockmarks; to be pockmarked

complete podalic extraction

small podalic extraction

podiatrist, chiropodist

podiatric medicine; podiatry; chiropody: the diagnosis and treatment of foot disorders, injuries & anatomic defects of the foot

podophyllin

podophyllotoxin

T7-like phages; podoviridae: a family of bacteriophages characterized by short, non-contractile tails

point for filling dental root canals; aseptic canal-point

gene point mutation

point mutation

to poison

toxicological center; poison control center; poison information center

poison hemlock; conium maculatum

poison ivy

chloroform poisoning

poisoning by conium

lead poisoning dyscrasia

accidental poisoning of a child

food poisoning, bromatoxism

lead poisoning, plumbism

blood poisoning, toxemia

acute poisoning; acute intoxication

polar body

polarity

polarography

police

policy

insurance policy

benefit policy (pays out)

polio vaccine; poliomyelitis vaccine

post-poliomyelitis syndrome, Postpoliomyelitis Muscular Atrophy: in some people who had polio years ago, problems of muscle weakness can return 20 or 30 years later

poliomyelitis; polio; infantile paralysis

poliosis; premature graying of eyelashes or eyebrows

pollution

pollution of the biosphere

polyoxypropylene; poloxalene; oxyethylene oxypropylene polymer

polyadenylation signal; polyadenylation sequence

polyadenylation: the covalent modification of a macromolecule (mRNA) by forming a polyadenylyl moiety covalent linked to the macromolecule

polyarthritis; severe arthritis

Hy-Bond polycarboxylate cement

polychemotherapy

atrophic polychondritis; chronic polychondritis; recurrent polychondritis

polycistronic

polycistronic messenger; polycistronic mRNA

polyclinic; outpatient clinic

polyclonal component

polycystic disease of the kidney; polycystic renal disease

polycystic kidney disease, congenital polycystic disease, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney: a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple cysts in both kidneys & hepatic lesions

polycystic ovary syndrome; Stein-Leventhal syndrome

polycythemia, polyglobulism; primary polycythemia

polydactyly, polydactylism

polydipsia; chronic thirst

autoimmune polyendocrinopathy; polyglandular autoimmune syndrome: autoimmune disease affecting multiple endocrine organs

polyestradiol phosphate

polygamy: the practice of having several wives

polygenes; multiple factor

polygenic inheritance; multifactorial inheritance; galtonian inheritance

saturnine polyglobulism

polylinker; multiple cloning site

DNA polymerase

polymerase chain reaction: an in vitro technique for rapidly synthesizing large quantities of a DNA segment by separating the DNA into its two complementary strands, binding a primer to each single strand at the end of the given DNA segment & using DNA po

RNA-polymerase, RNA transcriptase

ionic polymerization

random amplified polymorphic DNA technique; RAPD technique

polymorphic nucleus

polymorphic; in a variety of shapes

genetic polymorphism

polymorphism

chromosome polymorphism; chromosomal polymorphism

single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP

polymorphonuclear leukocyte

polymyalgia rheumatica; Forestier-Certonciny syndrome; peri-extra-articular rhizomelic rheumatism; pseudopolyarthritis

polymyxin: a polypeptide antibiotic obtained from bacillus polymyxa

alcoholic polyneuritis, potatorum polyneuritis

polyneuritis; inflammation of the nerves

polyomavirus

nasal polyp

anal polyp

benign polyp

urethral polyp

cold snare; polyp snare; wire loop

intestinal polyp; polyp in the colon

polypathia

polypeptide chain

polypeptide hormone

polypeptide; amino acid polymer

polypharmacy: administration of an excessive number of drugs; polypragmasy

polyploidy

polyposis

polypropylene suture

polyanionic polysaccharide

capsular polysaccharides

polysaccharides: polymers of more than ten monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically in chains

ergosome; polysome; polyribosome

polysomnography; monitoring of relevant physiological activity during sleep

polyspermatic fertilization; polyspermous fertilization

polytenic chromosome; polytene chromosome

polytherapy; treatment using several drugs

Renese; polythiazide: a thiazide diuretic similar to hydrochlorothiazide

polyunsaturates; polyunsaturated fatty acids

polyuria; passing a large volume of urine in a given period, a characteristic of diabetes

polyvalent; with more than one valence

pons; pons cerebri; pons Varoli; bridge of Varolius

central pontine myelinolysis

pontocerebellar angle syndrome; Cushing syndrome II

pool therapy, hydrotherapy, balneotherapy

popliteal artery: a continuation of the femoral artery through the popliteal space which splits into the anterior & posterior tibial arteries

popliteal muscle

external popliteal nerve; common peroneal nerve

popping (of joint); clicking

population

zero population growth

population studies; demographic studies

nuclear pore

pore

pores

porfiromycin

porphobilinogen

porphyria cutanea tarda

porphyria: an abnormality of porphyrin metabolism which results in the excretion of large quantities of porphyrins in the urine and in extreme sensitivity to light

surgical portacaval shunt

portal system; portal circulation

pneumobilia; portal vein gas bubbles; aerobilia; air in the biliary tract

portal vein: a short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein & the splenic vein

hepatic portal vessel

portion

porto-caval anastomosis; portocaval shunt

Hydrozoa; Portuguese man-of-war; Liriope tetraphylla; Physalia physalis

positive

continuous positive airway pressure; CPAP

intermittent positive pressure ventilation

continuous positive pressure ventilation; CPPV

positive-negative pressure breathing

PET scan positron-emission tomography

post-; after

Huhner test; PCT; postcoital test; Huhner-Sims test: a determination of sperm quantity and motility in a specimen obtained from the cervical canal following coitus, performed around the time of ovulation

postencephalitic Parkinson's disease

posterior

postganglionic autonomic fibers: nerve fibers with cell body located on a motor ganglion which terminates on a muscle or a gland

postganglionic sympathetic fiber; postganglionic fiber: a fiber whose cell body is located on a motor ganglion and which terminates on a muscle or a gland

postganglionic neuron

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

posthumous

postmenopausal

post-mitochondrial fraction

postmortem changes

autopsy; postmortem examination; postmortem study

Dressler's syndrome; postmyocardial infarction syndrome; inflammation of the pericardium resulting from previous injury to the heart muscle; myocardial post-infarction syndrome

postnasal drip; postnasal discharge; mucus accumulation in the throat

postnatal

postnatal adaptation; postnatal growing functions

postnatal care

postnatal depression

postnecrotic cirrhosis; postnecrotic hepatocirrhosis

post-op care ward; post-operative care division

postoperative

postoperative angina

postoperative care; postoperative treatment

postoperative chemotherapy

postoperative ileus

postoperative pain

post-operative shock, surgical shock

postoperative, postsurgical

postnatal; postpartum; after childbirth

postprandial glycemia

postprandial hypoglycemia; poststimulative hypoglycemia

after a meal; postprandial; after dinner

postsynaptic inhibition

excitatory postsynaptic potential

inhibitory postsynaptic potential; IPSP

postsyncopal metabolic syndrome of bradycardia

post-term birth

post-translational protein modification; posttranslational template refolding

impact seizure; post-traumatic epilepsy; traumatic epilepsy

post-traumatic neoplasms

post-traumatic stress

posttraumatic, post-traumatic

postural discomfort

postural drainage

postural; posture-related

relieving posture

work posture

posture

improper posture, false posture, bad posture; poor posture

postvaccinal eczema

postvaccinal encephalitis

postvaccinal fever

beer belly; pot belly; beer gut; paunch

drinking water; potable water; drinkable water

K2CO3 ; potash; potassium oxide

potassium

potash; potassium carbonate

voltage-gated potassium channels

chloride of potash; potassium chloride; a white crystalline powder used as electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers or explosives

KCN; potassium cyanide

KOH; potassium hydroxide; caustic potash

potassium iodide

normal potassium levels (in the blood)

saltpeter; potassium nitrate

potassium sulfate

antimony potassium tartrate; potassium antimonyltartrate

potency; strength of a drug

highly potent

potential

evoked potential: an event-related potential, elicited by a stimulus; endogenous evoked potential

potentialization; joint action of two drugs

emollient poultice

poultice; mustard plaster; sinapism

poverty

baby powder

medical practitioner in Mexico, similar to a homeopathist

pragmatic study; pragmatic trial; real life study

compliments; praise, good strokes, positive affirmation; expressed approval

pravastatin; Pravachol: an inhibitor of the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol

praziquantel: an anthelmintic

precancerous cell

precancerous lesion

precancerous condition; precancerous state

precautionary measures

precipitating factor

precipitation

precipitation of blood proteins with perchloric acid

precision grip, precision grasp

preclinical effect

preclinical stage, prodromal stage

preclinical; before the disease becomes recognizable

precocious; too early

precordial protrusion; protrusion of the embryonic heart

precordial; heart and chest-related

precursor protein

amyloid precursor protein; beta-amyloid protein precursor; amyloid beta-protein precursor

precursor; forerunner

drug precursor; precursor product

blood precursors

disease prediction

predictive medicine

predictive value: the likelihood that a given test result correlates with the presence or absence of disease

predictor

predisposed; susceptible

predisposition to becoming infected

predisposition to using drugs; a propensity for addiction; a drug-taking proclivity

hereditary disposition; predisposition; tendency; a latent susceptibility

topical prednisolone

C21H28O5 prednisolone; hydroretrocortine; metacortandralone

prednisone, dehydrocortisone: a drug with broad immunosuppressive effects used to treat a number of autoimmune diseases; retrocortine; metacortandracin; deltacortisone

preeclampsia; a complication of late pregnancy; toxemia of late pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema & proteinuria

preeclamptic toxemia

prophylactic; preemptive; preventive

prefrontal cortex

preganglionic

term of pregnancy

unwanted pregnancy

pregnancy

pre-natal belt; pregnancy belt; maternity girdle

cardiovascular pregnancy complications

pregnancy complications

teenage pregnancy; pregnancy in adolescence; adolescent pregnancy; teen pregnancy; pregnancy in girls under 19 years of age

pregnancy neuritis

pregnancy rate

high-risk pregnancy: pregnancy in which the mother and/or fetus are at greater risk of morbidity or mortality

phantom pregnancy; false pregnancy; pseudopregnancy

pregnancy; gravidity

heterotopic pregnancy; heterotopic twin pregnancy; combined pregnancy

post-term pregnancy; prolongation of pregnancy; post-maturity; post-term delivery; post-term birth

pregnancy-associated alpha-plasma protein

papp-c; pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein; beta 1-glycoprotein; trophoblast-specific beta 1-glycoprotein: a glycoprotein with the electrophoretic mobility of a beta-1 globulin; produced by a placental trophoblast

pregnant

non-pregnant female (animal)

infected pregnant woman

pregnant woman; expectant mother; a mother-to-be

pregnant women

preimplantation diagnosis

preimplantation genetic diagnosis; embryo genetic disorder analysis; preimplantation diagnostics

prekallikrein; Fletcher factor

preliminary

preload; heart muscle tension

premalignant fibro-epithelial tumor

premalignant; precancerous

Premarin®; Prempro; Prempac; Premphase: a drug made up of conjugated estrogens obtained from the urine of pregnant mares

premarital screening; serological screening before marriage

premature

premature baby unit

premature birth, premature delivery

premature ejaculation

care of premature infants

premature infants, premature babies, premies

premature infants, premature babies, premies

premedication; premed

premeditated suicide

premenstrual

premenstrual dystonia, PMS

premenstrual dystonia, premenstrual syndrome

premenstrual hemorrhage

PMS premenstrual syndrome: a combination of emotional, physical, psychological, & mood disturbances that begin after ovulation & usually end with the onset of the menstrual cycle

premium

premolars

premonitory infarct

prenatal care

prenatal dystrophy

prenatal exposure delayed effects

prenatal; prebirth; before birth

preoperative preparation

preoperative; before an operation

preoxygenation

homeopathic preparation

permanent preparation

blood preparation

hemostatic preparation

a preparation not derived from lab animals

preparation: a mixture, solid or liquid, containing a drug

preprosthetic oral surgical procedures,

functional prepuberal castration syndrome

pre-retirement

presbyopia; far-sightedness

preschoolers; pre-school children

to prescribe

medical prescription

writing a prescription for drugs

prescription medicine, ethical drugs, prescription drugs

prescriptions

to be present, to attend

presentation; angle (of fetus)

(noun) preservative

pressure pad; pressure bandage; pressure dressing: a thick pad of gauze placed over a wound and attached so that it exerts pressure

pressure marking, mottling

blood pressure measuring during operation

pressure pain; pain from being touched

bedsores; pressure sores

pressure-induced pain

presumptive

presumptive diagnosis; tentative diagnosis

presynaptic facilitation

presynaptic membrane: part of the plasma membrane of axon terminal

presynaptic neuron

presynaptic; before a nerve/organ joint

preterm; premature

tryout; pretesting

prevention

preventive care; preventive health services

preventive measures

screening, preventive medical checkup; prophylactic medical examination

social and preventive medicine

preventive medicine

preventive treatment

priapism; a continuous erection that won't go away

to prick, to stick, to puncture

prickle-cell layer; spinous layer of epidermis, stratum spinosum epidermidis; stratum filamentosum

prickle-cell, malpighian cell

bedouin itch; prickly heat; heat rash; miliaria rubra; summer rash; a cutaneous eruption of red pimples with intense itching caused by inflammation around the sweat ducts

primaquine: an aminoquinoline used to cure or prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide

PCP; primary care physician

PHC; primary health care

primary lesion

low-grade primary pulmonary lymphoma

primary urethra

primary; first; main

primer: a molecule (a short strand of RNA or DNA) required to form another, longer molecule

primordial bone; replacement or cartilage bones

principal component analysis

formulary; printed form

prion disease

PrPsc; prion protein

prion; proteinaceous infectious particle

prior consent

priorities

prisma

privacy; confidentiality; private life; personal space

private parts, genitalia; the genitals

solo practice; private practice

private sector

proactive

proactive inhibition

probecid; probenecid: a uricosuric agent that inhibits renal excretion of organic anions & reduces tubular reabsorption of urate

probiotic substance

probiotics

problem solving

procaine

procedure

process

(health care) process assessment

pro-choice

to procrastinate

procreation; childbearing

hemorrhoidal proctitis

proctitis; infection of rectum

proctocolectomy

proctocolpoplasty: surgical closure of a rectovaginal fistula

procto-exam; rectal examination

proctologist

proctology

proctopexy

proctoscope; rectoscope

proctoscopy: endoscopic examination of the rectum

rectosigmoiditis; proctosigmoiditis

procursive epilepsy; procursive seizure

procyclidine: muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier

prodromal; prodromic

epileptic prodrome

prodrome: early or premonitory symptom of a disease

pro-drug; prodrug

drug labeling; product labeling

production; manufacture

productive (cough)

productive (infection)

enzyme precursor; proenzyme, zymogen: a protein that may be converted to an enzyme

profibrinogen; profibrinolysin

profuse

progeria; premature aging; senile nanism; Hutchinson-Gilford disease

progesterone: the principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta

progestin

progestogen; female hormone

poor prognosis

the prognosis; outlook, the future

prognostic

progress

disease progression; worsening of a disease over time

progressive

Rolyan Progressive exercise putty; plasticine; a therapeutic putty for occupational therapy

massive progressive pneumoconiosis

proinsulin

projection

projection fibers

projective

projective test

cytode; prokaryote: a unicellular organism (bacteria & cyanobacteria) with a simple naked DNA chromosome and no nuclear membrane & with a very small range of organelles, only a plasma membrane and ribosomes

prokaryotic cell: a cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus; a prokaryote

prolactin inhibiting factor; prolactin antagonist

prolactin releasing hormone: polypeptide hormone that originates in the hypothalamus & stimulates the secretion of prolactin by the pituitary gland

lactotropin; prolactin, lactotropic hormone

prolactinoma: a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma

aortic valve prolapse

heart valve prolapse

hemorrhoidal prolapse

umbilical prolapse

prolapse

prolapse of urethra

mitral valve prolapse: a systolic click-murmur syndrome, floppy-valve syndrome and billowing mitral leaflet syndrome

prolapse: the protrusion of an organ or part of an organ into a natural or artificial orifice

proliferation marker

proliferation; multiplication

cell proliferation; proliferating cell; multiplication

proliferative

proliferative intimitis

C5H9NO2 proline; an amino acid; pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate

artificially prolonging life; keeping a patient alive artificially

prominent; protruding

sexual promiscuity; having multiple sexual partners

promiscuous

tumor promoter; promoter gene; driver gene; transcriptional promoter; promoter regions

promoter; enhancer

pronation; rotation of the hand to bring the palm downwards

prone position, face-down position

lying prone, face down, prostrate

proof of paternity

propanolol: a adrenergic antagonist

properdin factor B; C3 proactivator; complement factor B

properdin; complement factor P

defective prophage; defective probacteriophage

prophage; probacteriophage

prophylactic

prophylactic inoculation

prophylaxis; disease prevention

propionibacterium

propionic acid; methylacetic acid

proportional

Cox regression model; proportional hazards model

proportionate

Darvon; propoxyphene hydrochloride

propoxyphene: a narcotic analgesic; levopropoxyphene

proprietary name; commercial denomination of a drug

proprioception; proprioceptive awareness

proprioceptive impulse

proprioceptive reflex

proptosis; protruding eyes

propulsive; driving

forebrain; prosencephalon: the anterior primitive cerebral vesicle and the most rostral of the 3 primary brain vesicles of the embryonic neural tube

prosome

prostaglandin endoperoxide analogs; synthetic prostaglandin endoperoxides

prostaglandin endoperoxides

prostaglandin; fatty acid

prostaglandin antagonist; prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitor; prostaglandin inhibitor

prostate cancer; carcinoma of the prostate

prostate gland; the prostate

PSA; prostate specific antigen; gamma-seminoprotein; kallikrein HK3: an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer

prostatectomy: the surgical removal of the prostate gland

prostate-specific antigen testing; PSA testing

PAP prostatic acid phosphatase

benign prostatic hypertrophy, benign prostatic hyperplasia

prostatism; prostate trouble

congestive prostatitis

prostatitis; prostate inflammation, prostate infection

cosmetic prosthesis

upper arm prosthesis; artificial arm

ocular prosthesis; artificial eye; prosthetic eye

leg prosthesis; artificial leg

prosthesis; artificial limb; prosthetic appliance

visual prosthesis; electrophthalm

hand prosthesis; prosthetic hand

limb-fitter; prosthesist; prosthetic technician; prosthesis fitting

prosthetic dentistry laboratory

dental prosthetics; prosthodontics; prosthetic dentistry: the branch of dentistry dealing with the replacement of teeth or jaw structures by artificial devices

prostitution

protamine sulfate

pzi; protamine zinc insulin

HIV protease inhibitor: a drug that binds to & blocks HIV protease from working

protease: enzyme that degrades protein molecules

health protection

protective agent

protective bandage; protective dressing

protective gloves

protective reflex; adverse-effects reflex

protective; protecting

protein

protein coat

protein deficiency

protein efficiency ratio

genetic protein engineering

cellular protein kinase

protein kinase

protein messenger

protein molecule

protein structure

protein synthesized by the ribosome

carrier protein, transport protein

proteinaceous

proteinaceous layer; aleurone layer

cysteine proteinase inhibitor; cysteine proteinase antagonist

proteinase inhibitors

radioligand assay; protein-binding radioassay; radioreceptor assay

protein-calorie malnutrition; protein-caloric malnutrition

protein-energy deficiency; protein-energy malnutrition

proteolysis: the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis

proteolytic enzyme; protease; protein-cleaving enzyme

proteolytic; able to split protein molecules; protein-cleaving

proteomics: the systematic study of the complete complement of proteins of organisms

proteus

prothrombin; blood factor II, clotting factor; a glycoprotein present in the plasma that is converted into thrombin

thrombokinase; factor xa; thromboplastin; prothrombinase: a complex enzyme found in brain & lung tissue and in blood platelets that participates in the intrinsic & extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. It catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

therapeutic protocol

protocol

protodiastolic murmur

protodiastolic; prediastolic

PPI proton pump inhibitor; proton pump blocker

proton pump; H+/K+-ATPase

protoplasmatic astrocyte

protoplasmatic poison

zinc protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin: a porphyrin ring structure lacking metal ions

criptenamine; protoveratrine; veratetrin; veratrine; veratrin: a mixture of alkaloids derived from Veratrum album

protozoan genome

protozoan infection

protozoon; a single-cell creature

C19H21N protriptyline: a tricyclic antidepressant

to protrude

protrusion

hernial protrusion; hernial sac

outgrowth; protuberance

proximate; proximal; nearest

proximate cause

disseminated pruritic angiodermatitis

pruritic; itchy

anal pruritus, anal itching

pruritus; itching, itch

psammoma; psammomatous meningioma

Pschyrembel pregnancy sign

pseudarthrosis of scaphoid bone

non-union; pseudarthrosis: a pathology characterized by deossification of a weight-bearing long bone, followed by bending and pathologic fracture, with inability to form normal bony callus, leading to a "false joint"

false; pseudo-

pseudobulbar paralysis; pseudobulbar palsy

pseudocholinesterase

pseudocroup; Millar's asthma; catarrhal croup; spasmodic laryngitis

ephedrine; pseudoephedrine: an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine

pseudogene

pseudohermaphroditism; Goldberg-Maxwell-Morris syndrome

pseudomembrane; false membrane: a fibrinous deposit with enmeshed necrotic cells

pseudomembranous; like a pseudomembrane

pseudomyopia

pseudotumor; tumor-like growth

pseudovirion

psilocybin

psoralen

psoralens

psoriasis: a skin disease with itchy, red, dry scaly patches

psychiatric

psychiatric aide

psychiatric assessment

psychiatric care

hospital psychiatric department

people with psychiatric disorders

psychiatric emergency service

psychiatric hospital, mental hospital

psychiatric nurse

psychiatric nursing

electroconvulsive therapies; psychiatric somatic therapies: the biological treatment of mental disorders, in stark contrast with psychotherapy

psychiatric ward

child psychiatrist

psychiatrist

child psychiatry

forensic psychiatry

psychiatry

mental; psychic

psychic distress, mental anguish; psychological stress; emotional stress

absences; psychic gaps; absence of mind; petit mal absence; very brief blackouts; psychic deliquia

psychic intoxication

psychic shock; mental shock; emotional shock

THC; the psychoactive constituent of cannabis

psychoanalytic interpretation

psychoanalytic theory

psychoanalytic therapy

psychoanalytical

psychogenic; caused by mental factors

psycholeptic; a tranquilizing drug

psychological

psychological autopsy; verbal autopsy

psychological diagnosis

psychological implications; psychological impact

psychological techniques

trauma; psychological trauma; emotional trauma

psychological warfare

clinical psychologist

state-certified psychologist

psychologist

school psychologist; educational psychologist

child psychology

cognitive psychology

developmental psychology

educational psychology

industrial psychology

social psychology

psychology

clinical psychology, medical psychology

psychometric test

psychomotor agitation; behavioral agitation

psychomotor attack; complex partial seizure

frontal lobe epilepsy; psychomotor epilepsy, temporal-lobe epilepsy

psychomotor hallucination

psychomotor impairment; psychomotor disorder

sensory motor performance; psychomotor performance

psychomotor; involving motor effects of mental activity; deriving from mental and motor factors

psychopathology; mental pathology; abnormal psychology

psychotropic drugs; psychopharmaceuticals

psychophysics: the study of the correlation of physical characteristics of a stimulus with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved

psychophysiology

psychosexual

psychosexual development

psychosexual infantilism

borderline psychosis

discharge psychosis

functional psychosis

psychosis; mental illness

psychosocial problems

psychosocial support

psychosocial work

psychosocial: having both psychological and social aspects

psychosomatic illness; psychosomatic disorder

psychosomatic: having bodily symptoms of psychic, emotional or mental origin; psychophysiologic

psychostimulant; psychoenergizer; psychoanaleptic; psychostimulating

psychotechnics; psychotechnology

(adjective) psychotherapeutic

psychotherapy; psychotherapeutics; psychotherapic treatment

psychotherapist

individual psychotherapy

psychotherapy, psychological counseling

psychotic, insane

psychoactive drugs; psychotropic drugs; psychopharmaceuticals

psychotropic substances

psychotropic; mood-altering

pterygium: superficial growth of vascular tissue encroaching out from the cornea of the eye

pterygomandibular

pterygomandibular ligament; pterygomandibular raphé

pterygomaxillary fissure

ptomaine poisoning; ptomainotoxism

ptomaine: an animal alkaloid formed in the putrefaction of various kinds of albuminous matter, a cadaveric poison

ptosis; droopy upper eyelid

delayed puberty

puberty

precocious puberty: unusually early sexual maturity

pubescent

pubic

pubic bone, pubis

pubic hair, pubic hairs

pubic region, groin

getting the word out; public awareness campaign; consciousness raising; public information campaign; raising public awareness

public health

Alcock canal; pudendal canal

pudendum; vulva; pudendum muliebre

puerperal sepsis; puerperal infection; puerperal eclampsia; puerperal abscess

puerperium; in obstetrics, the period or state of confinement after labor; postpartum period

puffiness around the eyes, bags / dark circles under the eyes

puffy; swollen

to pull a muscle

respiratory lobule; pulmonary acinus

pulmonary adenomatosis; bronchiolar adenocarcinoma

pulmonary alveoli

left pulmonary artery

right pulmonary artery

pulmonary artery

balloon-flotation pulmonary artery catheter

pulmonary circulation

pulmonary decortication; Delorme operation

pulmonary diffusing capacity; pulmonary diffusion capacity

pulmonary dystonia

acute pulmonary edema

high-altitude pulmonary edema

pulmonary edema: an accumulation of fluid in the lungs

interstitial pulmonary emphysema

pulmonary hemosiderosis: a generalized increase in the iron content of lung tissue

segment hilum; pulmonary hilum; hilum of lung

pulmonary hypertension; pulmonary arterial hypertension

pulmonary mechanics; lung mechanics; respiratory mechanics

valvular regurgitation; pulmonary regurgitation; pulmonary valve regurgitation; pulmonary valve insufficiency

pulmonary rigidity

pulmonary scintigraphy; scintigraphy of the lung; radioisotope scanning of the lung

pulmonary stretch receptor

pulmonary subvalvular stenosis

tumor of the pulmonary sulcus; Pancoast's tumor

pulmonary surgical procedure

striated pulmonary trama

pulmonary trama

pulmonary trunk; pulmonary artery

pulmonic stenosis; pulmonary valve stenosis; pulmonary stenosis; pulmonary valvular stenosis

non-invasive pulmonary ventilation

stasis of pulmonary ventilation

pulmonary window; aortic septal defect; aortopulmonary window

pulmonary; lung-related; pulmonic

pulmonary-renal syndrome; vascular collagen disease; Goodpasture's syndrom

pulmonic valve stenosis, stenosis of the pulmonary valve

pulmonic valve, pulmonary valve; pulmonary semilunar valve

dental pulp cavity; pulp canal; root canal; pulp chamber

dental pulp; pulp of a tooth

pulsatile flow

arterial pulse

to take your pulse

increase in pulse rate

slowing of the pulse rate

pulse rate (heartbeat)

quickened pulse rate; increased heart rate

PRR, pulse repetition rate

thready pulse; wiry pulse

pulvis Cosmi; Cosmi Paste

needle biopsy; punch biopsy; aspiration biopsy

boxer's dementia; punch-drunk syndrome; dementia pugilistica

punctable container

superficial punctuate keratitis

puncture

arterial puncture

corneal puncture

puncture of the bladder, capillary puncture

puncture syringe

pupil (of the eye)

pupillary constriction, miosis

pupillary dilation; pupil dilation; wide eyes, mydriasis

pupillary reflex: constriction of the pupil in response to light stimulation of the retina

corometer; pupillometer

purgative; strong laxative

blood purification

purification, clearance

purine base: a single-ring basic compound that contains nitrogen & occurs in nucleic acids

purine nucleotides

C5H4N4 purine: a heterocyclic compound with a fused pyrimidine/imidazole ring

purine-pirimidine metabolism

purine receptors; purinergic receptors; purinoceptors; ADP receptors; methyladenin receptors

Purkinje cell; Purkinje cells: the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex

Purkinje fibers: modified cardiac muscle fibers composing the terminal portion of the heart conduction system

Purkinje phenomenon; Purkinje phenomenon

purple plague

purpura; blood spots, bruising and discoloring to skin

common foxglove; purpurea; purple foxglove

purslane, an edible weed

purulent arthritis

profound purulent blastomycosis

purulent exudate

purulent; pus-filled; pussy

pus

pustular psoriasis

pustular; boil-like

acne pustule

pustule: a vesicle or an elevation of the cuticle with an inflamed base, containing pus; a boil

staphylococcal pustulous miliary dermitis

putative; supposed

rot; putrefaction

pyelitis; inflammation of kidney pelvis

pyelogram; urography

excretion pyelography; pielography; ureteropyelography: x-ray of the renal pelvis of a kidney after injection of a radiopaque substance through the ureter or into a vein

ascending pyelonephritis

pyonephrosis; pyelonephritis; inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

pyknosis

pyloric

antrum pyloricum; pyloric antrum

pyloric appendage; pyloric diverticulum

pyloric canal: pyloric portion of the stomach

pyloric glands; gastric glands

pyloric stenosis; pylorostenosis

pyloroplasty: widening the pyloric canal by means of a longitudinal incision

pylorospasm

pylorus; narrow outlet of stomach

pyoderma; any purulent skin disease; pyodermia

angiogranuloma; pyogenic granuloma; pediculate granuloma; botryomycosis

pyogenic onychia

pyogenic osteomyelitis

pyogenous

pyorrhea alveolaris; pyorrhea; periodontal disease

decussation of pyramids; pyramidal decussation

pyramidal tracts; corticospinal tracts

pyrazinamide

pyrethrin: a natural pesticide

pyrethroid

pyrexia; fever

pyridoxine dipalmitate

pyridoxine hydrochloride

free of pyrogens; pyrogen-free

pyrogenic; fever-inducing

pyrogens

pyrophosphoric acid

pyrosis; heartburn

pyruvate carboxylase

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

pyruvate kinase

pyruvic acid

Q

qi, chí, life breath; vital energy

Qi-Gong; Qigong; Chinese energy control therapy

QRS complex; part of heart monitor readout

QT interval; the space between QRS complex & the T wave on an ECG

Q-tip, swab

quack, charlatan, fraud

quackery; fraudulence; charlatanism; deceit

quadriceps

quadriplegia; tetraplegia

quadruplets

qualitative analysis

qualitative character

qualitative research

health care quality assurance

quality control

quality of care; quality of health care

quality of life

quality-adjusted life year

quantitative

quantitative research; quantitative analysis

quantum theory

quarantine

quarantine center

a quarantine station, isolation place

to put in quarantine; to quarantine

quartz

quaternary; fourth

to feel queasy, out of sorts, shivery, to be unwell, to be quivering, to be under the weather

questionable; implausible; debatable; not proven

statistical questionnaire

medical questionnaire, forms for patient to fill out

presentation of questions; asking questions

BMI; Quetelet's index; body mass index

quid pro quo; confusion; misunderstanding

quiescent plasma

quiescent; inactive, at rest

quinacrine; mepacrine

chinidine; quinidine: an alkaloid resembling quinine

C20H24N2O2 quinine

quinine exanthema

quinine sulphate

quinolinic acid; quinoline

quinolone

quintuplets

R

rabies; hydrophobia

race; ethnicity

racemose

venous racemose angioma

racism

radial artery

indirect radial immunodiffusion

paralysis of the radial nerve

radial nerve

radial neuropathy; crutch palsy; Saturday night palsy

radialis

radialis indicis artery

radiatio,

concomitant radiation

non-ionizing radiation

nuclear radiation

radiation

radiation absorbed dose; rad

radiation absorption

nuclear accident; radiation accident

radiation burn; radiation injury; lesions from radiation

radiation chimera

radiation colitis: damage to the colon from radiation therapy

radiation creep

radiation effects

radiation embryopathy

radiation exposure

radiation fibrosis

radiation genetics

radiation genetics: a subdiscipline of genetics that studies the effects of radiation on the components & processes of biological inheritance

radiation hazard

experimental radiation injuries

radiation injuries

radiation leukemia virus

radiation monitoring

radiation nephritis

radiation oncology

radio-oncology; radiation oncology; therapeutic radiology; radiotherapy

radiation pneumonitis

radiation pollution

radiation protection

radiation protection; radiation protective suit

radiation sickness; radiation injury; radiation syndrome

computer-assisted radiation therapy, computerized radiotherapy

high-precision radiation therapy, precision radiotherapy

radiation tolerance

particle radiation: alpha and beta particles, electrons, positrons, protons, neutrons and heavy particles

ionizing radiation; ionizing electromagnetic radiation

radiation-induced demyelination

radiation-induced neoplasms

radiation-protective agents

radiation-sensitizing agents; radiosensitizing agents

radiatus

free radical inhibitor

free radical, free radicals

periapical cyst; radicular cyst: a slow-growing fluid-filled epithelial sac at the apex of a tooth with nonvital pulp or defective root canal filling

radiculitis

radiculopathy; nerve root avulsion

radio medical system; medical consulting by radio

radio waves

radioactive contamination of the food chain

radioactive fallout; radioactive contamination; radioactive polluant

radioactive elements

radioactive radiation

standard radioactive source

radioactive tracers

radioactive waste

radioactivity

RAST; radioallergosorbent test

radiobiology; radiation biology

radiocarpal joint; wrist joint

radiochemistry; radiation chemistry

radiodermatitis; X-ray dermatitis; dermatitis actinica

electron radiography

interventional radiography

panoramic radiography

thoracic radiography

radiography, dental

radiography, dual-energy scanned projection

radiography, interventional

radiography; X-ray

RIA; radioimmunoassay: an analysis method based upon saturation analysis, whereby the specific binder is an antibody

immunoscintigraphy; radioimmunodetection; radiolabeled radioimmunoimaging

radioimmunology

radioimmunoprecipitation assay: immunoprecipitation conducted with radioisotope-labeled antibody or antigen

radioimmunosorbent test

radioimmunotherapy

radioiodine; radioactive iodine

radioisotope dilution technique

scintiscan; radioisotope scanning

radioisotope; radioactive isotope; radionuclide

radioligand: a oactive-labeled antigen used in the quantitative measurement of an unlabeled substance by its binding to a specific antibody or other receptor site

radiologic technology

radiological; X-ray-related

radiologist

diagnostic radiology

medical radiology

hospital radiology department

radiology information systems

radiology technician, radiological technologist

radiolucent; radiotransparent

radioluminescence

radiometry

radionecrosis of the bone

radionecrosis; radiation necrosis

radionuclide activity

radionuclide imaging

radionuclide: a type of atom characterized by the number of protons and of neutrons in its nucleus

uptake of radionuclides

radio-opaque; radiopaque (appears white on an X-ray); X-ray compatible

radiopharmaceutical

stereotactic radiosurgery; stereotaxic brain surgery

conformal radiotherapy

high-energy radiotherapy

radiotherapy dosage: the total amount of radiation absorbed by tissues as a result of radiotherapy

radiotherapy, adjuvant

radiotherapy, computer-assisted

roentgenotherapy; radiotherapy; irradiation

radiotherapy; radiation therapy

radiotoxicity: toxicity due to ionizing radiation from an incorporated radioactive element

inferior radio-ulnar joint

superior radio-ulnar joint

lower radio-ulnar width

radium

radius

radius fracture

radon daughters

radon gas; radon: a naturally radioactive element; one of the heaviest gases known; a daughter of radium

rhonchus; rales; rhonchi

ramipril: a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

random

randomized controlled trials

randomized double-blind trial

Zantac®; ranitidine (used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori)

marital rape

rape

statutory rape: a legal term meaning sexual intercourse between an adult and a minor (not a medical term)

raphe

quickness; rapidity; celerity; promptness, readiness; nimbleness, agility, swiftness; responsiveness

rapports; rapport: the spontaneous, conscious feeling of harmony that promotes the development of reponsiveness & a constructive therapeutic relationship

rash, hives, exanthema

overhasty; rash; headlong; careless, clumsy, awkward

rasping murmur

sodoku; rat bite fever

Rathke's pouch; craniopharyngeal pouch; neurobuccal pouch; pituitary diverticulum

rationalization

wheezing; rattling in the throat

pontine syndrome; Raymond-Cestan syndrome

Raynaud's phenomenon; chilblains; Raynaud's disease

razor blade

reabsorption; absorbing again

induced reaction

reaction

reaction at the infection limit

allergic reaction that results in a rash (a Mexican concept)

reactivation

reactive

reactivity

readability; legibility

reading frame

reagent; reactive substance

reagin

rapid plasma reagin test

reassuring manner

acid rebound

rebound effect

rebound tenderness

rebreathing

rebreathing device

recalcitrant; persistent

CD4 receptor

alpha receptor

H2 receptor antagonist; H2 receptor blocker; H2 antagonist

receptor pharmacology; receptor targeted pharmacology

receptor site

5HT3 receptor; serotonin receptor

recess

recessive character

recessive disease

recessive gene

recidivist; a person who lapses back into old habits; a patient who suffers a relapse

recipient, receiver, receptor

reciprocal

recA gene; recombinant A gene

recombinant DNA technique

spliced genes; recombinant DNA: biologically active DNA formed by in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources

recombinant factor VIII

recombinant fusion proteins

recombinant live vaccine

recombinant protein

recombinant vector

recombinant; produced from more than one source

recombination

reconstitution; regeneration, rehydrating of plasma

reconstructive surgery

reconvalescence; recovery-phase; convalescence

medical records management; medical records department

clinical records, medical records, patient records

computerized records, patient records online; computer files on patients

to recover, to recuperate, get well

spontaneous recovery

awakening; recovery (from anesthesia); coming out af anesthesia

recovery heart rate

recovery of renal function

post-anesthesia nursing; recovery room nursing; postanesthesia nursing; post-surgical nursing

convalescent department; recovery room, recovery station

recovery time, recovery period

recovery, getting well

definite recovery, persistent recovery

recrudescence: reappearance of disease in a host whose infection had been quiescent

recruiting blood donors

recruitment of participants

digital rectal examination

anorectal fistula; rectal fistula; anal fistula

colonic; rectal injection, colonic lavage, colonic irrigation

rectal cancer; rectal neoplasm; cancer of the rectum

rectal probe

rectal prolapse

by rectal route; by rectum; p.r.; rectally; rectal administration

rectal sheath

rectal thermometer

rectal; related to the rectum

rectocele: hernial protusion of the rectum into the vagina

rectoperineal fistula

rectosigmoidoscope; sigmoidoscope

rectosigmoidoscopy

rectovaginal fistula: an abnormal communication between the rectum and the vagina

rectovaginal septum

rectovesical fistula: a fistulous communication between the rectum and the bladder

rectovesical septum; rectovesical pouch

rectovesical: pertaining to both the rectum and the bladder

rectum

rectus abdominis muscle

recuperation, recovery

recurrent

progressive & recurring dermatofibroma; protuberant dermatofibrosarcoma; dermatofibrosarcomatosis

red cell enzymopathy; enzymatic deficiency of human erythrocytes

packed red cells

splenic pulp; red pulp: a network of splenic cords and venous sinuses lined by macrophages, which cause the destruction of erythrocytes

reddish, reddened; erythroid

oxido-reductase

reductase

reduction

risk reduction; harm reduction

Hodgkin cells; Reed-Sternberg cells

rehabilitation; reeducation; retraining

Reese syndrome; Reese type retinal dysplasia; encephalo-ophthalmic syndrome; encephalo-ophthalmodysplasia

to refer a patient

reference

medical reference books

baseline values; reference values

point of reference; reference point

referral (of patients)

referral and consultation

referral base

referral database

referral service; information service

reflective

reflex

algodystrophy; reflex sympathetic dystrophy; shoulder-hand syndrome; Sudek atrophy; type I complex regional pain syndrome

unconditioned reflex; unconditioned response

reflexive

reflexive relation

reflexology; reflex therapy

spinal reflexotherapy

esophageal reflux, acid reflux

reflux; return flow

ocular refraction

refractive errors

neurologic refractory period

psychological refractory period

refractory period

refractory: not responding to treatment

heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis; Refsum disease; hereditary-motor and sensory-neuropathy type IV; phytanic acid storage disease

refugee

refusal to treat

right to refuse medical treatment

bone regeneration; fracture healing

neogenesis; regeneration; tissue repair; regrowth of tissues

regenerative medicine

region

regional

registration

regression

regulation

blood sugar regulation; control of blood sugar levels

regulator genes: genes which regulate the activity of other genes by coding for proteins (repressors or activators) which regulate the genetic transcription of the structural genes

nucleic acid regulatory sequences

to regurgitate

mitral regurgitation, mitral reflux

regurgitation; bringing back up

aortic regurgitation; Corrigan's disease: a heart valve abnormality that results in the abnormal back flow of blood in the aorta

pulmonary regurgitation; pulmonary valve regurgitation

rehabilitation center

rehabilitation of drug addicts

vocational rehabilitation, re-education, occupational retraining, industrial rehabilitation, training; industrial rehabilitation; occupational rehabilitation

rehabilitation, re-education, rehabilitative medicine

functional rehabilitation; professional rehabilitation; medical rehabilitation; functional reeducation

rehydration

rehydration fluid; rehydration solution

oral rehydration therapy

reimbursement

reinfection

negative reinforcement

positive reinforcement

secondary reinforcement

social reinforcement

verbal reinforcement

reinforcement

reinforcement schedule

Reiter syndrome; Reiter's arthritis; Reiter's disease

graft rejection; rejection of a transplant; immune response directed against an allogeneic transplant having tissue antigens incompatible with those of the recipient; transplant rejection

to rejuvenate

relapse rate

recurrence; relapse, reoccurrence

to have a relapse, to get sick again

case of relapse; recurrence

related by marriage

blood relationship, family relationship

personal relationships

relative risk

relaxant, muscle relaxant

relaxation exercises

principle of relaxation oscillation

treatment by relaxation oscillations

relaxation therapy

recreation; relaxation; release; pastime

relaxin: a water-soluble polypeptide that may cause relaxation of the pubic symphysis & dilation of the cervix

slow release agent

medical release authorization form

release of the active component

Relenza, Zanamivir

relevant

reliability

relief, solace, balm, comfort

religion

religious intolerance

spontaneous remission

in its remission phase

remission: disappearance of the signs and symptoms of disease in response to treatment

remnants

remorse

remote assistance for surgeons

ritual removal of the clitoris; mutilation of female genitalia

surgical removal of visible tumor tissue

renal

tubular renal arterioles

renal artery

renal artery obstruction

renal biopsy; nephropsy

lesser renal calyx

renal circulation

renal glomerulus; renal cluster; glomerulus

renal colic

renal columns

chronic renal disease

polycystic renal disease; cystic kidney

acute renal failure, kidney failure

postpartum renal failure, kidney failure after giving birth

chronic renal failure; kidney failure

renal function test

renal hilum; renal pedicle

renal hypertension

renal incision, nephrotomy

renal insufficiency; kidney failure

renal threshold

renal tubular acidosis

renal veins; veins in the kidney

renal; kidney-related

renaturation

renin: an enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes cleavage of the leucine bond in angiotensin to generate angiotensin

renin; an enzyme that affects blood pressure

renin-angiotension system

renin-angiotension system: a system consisting of renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and angiotensin II

renovascular; kidney blood vessel-related

reovirus: Respiratory Enteritic Orphan virus; REO virus

repair enzyme

insect repellent

reperfusion: restoration of blood supply to tissue which is ischemic

repertoire; repertory

repetitive

hormone replacement therapy

estrogen replacement therapy; estrogen therapy

reattachment; replantation

(adjective) replete

repletion

fullness, repletion of the bladder

DNA replication

replication; duplication

medical report

active representation

to repress; to restrain, to check, to curb, to suppress

repressor molecules; repressor; repressor protein: a protein which is normally bound to the operator locus of an operon, thereby preventing transcription of the structural genes; LAC repressors

reproduction

cell reproductive death

reproductive health

reproductive physiology

rescue work

EMT; rescuer; life saver

medical research

research methods

research projects

research subjects

to research, investigate, examine

resection of small intestine; bowel resection

resection; excision

resection; removal of any part of the body

resedaceae

reserpine

reservoir

residence characteristics

medical residency

medical resident; physician in residency training

residential treatment; residential care

residual DNA

residual functional capacity

residual neoplasm

residual renal function

residual volume: the volume of gas remaining in the lung at the end of a maximal expiration

residual; trace

extractable residue

residue, traces

resilient

synthetic resin

synthetic resin plaster bandage

resistance

resistant

mesomerism; resonance

resorcin; resorcinol

resorption

resource allocation

artificial respiration

artificial respiration

paradoxical respiration

respiration

respiration disorders

stertorous respiration; stertor; rales

high-altitude respirator

artificial respirator; appliance for artificial respiration

respiratory

respiratory alkalosis: an abnormal increase in the rate of alveolar ventilation relative to the rate of CO2 production

respiratory care units

respiratory center

dead space; respiratory dead space: the part of the respiratory tract that does not exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with pulmonary capillary blood

chronic respiratory disease

respiratory disorders

respiratory distress syndrome

ARDS; adult respiratory distress syndrome; shock lung; post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency; traumatic wet lung; congestive atelectasis; Vietnam lung

Warburg's respiratory enzymes; Atmungsferment; cytochrome oxidase; indophenolase

suitable respiratory equipment

respiratory failure; respiratory arrest; respiratory impairment

respiratory function test; test of pneumonic function

respiratory hypersensitivity

respiratory infection

respiratory distress; respiratory insufficiency

respiratory mask; protective breathing gear; breathing apparatus

respiratory mechanism; respiratory mechanics

respirology; respiratory medicine; pneumology; pulmonary disease specialty

respiratory mucosa

respiratory muscles

respiratory paralysis

peripheral respiratory passages

respiratory physiology

respiratory position

respiratory protective devices

respiratory rate: the number of breaths per minute

respiratory rehabilitation

breath sounds; respiratory sounds; the sound of (normal or abnormal) breathing

respiratory syncytial virus infections

respiratory syncytial virus; chimpanzee coryza agent

respiratory system, airways

respiratory therapist; respiratory technologist

inhalation therapy; respiratory therapy: the therapeutic treatment of respiratory diseases

upper respiratory tract

respiratory tract disease

upper respiratory tract infection

paramyxovirus infections; respirovirus infections

respirovirus; paramyxovirus

respite care

to respond; to be sensitive to

response

responsibility

responsiveness to insulin

resting; rest, quiet time

restless legs syndrome; asthenia crurum dolorosa

restlessness; hyperkinesia

restraint system

retention; restraint; restraining; immobilization

restriction endonuclease mapping; restriction enzyme mapping; restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

restriction endonuclease; restriction enzyme

to resuscitate, to revive

do not resuscitate; DNR

cardiac resuscitation

resuscitation

manual resuscitation appliance

resuscitator; resuscitation equipment; resuscitation apparatus; artificial respiration equipment

resuscitation mask

do-not-resuscitate order; resuscitation order; resuscitation guideline

anabiosis; resuscitation; emergency life support

to retard, to slow down, to delay

retardation; delaying

mentally retarded

mentally retarded person, mentally disabled person

retention (inside the body)

retention cyst

retention enema

urine retention: the inability to urinate

water retention; fluid retention

retention; holding back

reticular

reticular fibers

reticular formation

reticular network

reticulin

reticulocyte count

reticulocytes

skein cells; reticulocytes: immature red blood cells mostly restricted to the bone marrow

reticuloendothelial system

reticuloendotheliosis

reticuloendotheliosis virus

reticulum

retina

retinacul

retinacula; retinaculum; a fibrous band: connective tissue similar to a ligament, but more expansive

traumatic retinal angiopathy; angiopathia retinae traumatica, Purtscher's disease, traumatic liporrhagia retinalis, retinal teletraumatism

medial retinal arteriole; nasal retinal arteriole

retinal artery

retinal artery occlusion

retinal artery occlusion; retinal vein occlusion

retinal degeneration; retinal abiotrophy

retinal detachment; detached retina

retinal diseases

retinal dysplasia

retinal embolus; retinal embolism

retinal ganglion cells

retinal hemorrhage; retinal bleeding

retinal image

retinal medial arteriole

retinal necrosis syndrome, acute

retinal neoplasms

retinal neovascularization

retinal pigments

retinal vein

retinal vein occlusion; retinal vein thrombosis

retinal vessels

retinal; eye-related

retinala pigment

axerophthal; retinaldehyde; retinene: the aldehyde of vitamin A

retinitis

retinitis pigmentosa: progressive degeneration of the retina leading to night blindness & progressive contraction of the visual field; overactivity of the pigmented retinal epithelial cells leads to damage and occlusion of photoreceptors

retinoblastoma; retinal glioma; retinal neuroblastoma

13-cis-retinoic acid

C20-H28O2 retinoic acid; vitamin A acid; tretinoin; Retin-A

retinoids

retinol; axerophtol; vitamin A

retinol-binding proteins

diabetic retinopathy

pigmentary retinopathy

retinopathy in premature infants

retinopathy; retinitis; inflammation of the retina

retinyl palmitate

retired people

retirement

retraction; moving backwards

jaw retractor

dilator; retractor; surgical retractor

retreatment

retroactive

retrobulbar neuritis

retrobulbar; behind the pons

retroelements; retrotransposons; mobile dispersed genetic elements: retrovirus-like elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA & then inserted into a new site in the genome

retrograde amnesia

axon reaction; retrograde degeneration; Nissl degeneration

postresection filling; retrofill; retrograde filling: a filling in the apical portion of a tooth root after surgical removal of a periapical lesion

retrograde; backwards

retroperitoneal

retroperitoneal connective tissue

Ormond syndrome; retroperitoneal fibrosis

retroperitoneal insufflation

retroperitoneal sarcoma

retroperitoneal space

retropharyngeal abscess

retrosternal; behind the breastbone

retroversion

AZT, Retrovir, zidovudine, azidothymidine: a nucleoside analogue used to slow replication of HIV

dormant retroviral gene

retroviral infection

retroviruses; Retroviridae

exogenous retrovirus

retrovirus of simian origin

retrovirus: a virus that has the unique characteristic of producing an enzyme that makes a DNA copy of its genetic information from an RNA template (the opposite of what normally takes place)

Rett syndrome; cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia: an inherited disorder associated with X-linked transmission

dopamine reuptake transporter

uptake; reuptake, reabsorption

rev genes

revaluation

myocardial revascularization: restoration of normal blood flow to the myocardium by surgical or percutaneous means or with removal of an obstruction

cerebral revascularization; cerebral microsurgical revascularization

reversal agent

reverse transcriptase, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

reverse-transcriptase blocker, reverse transcriptase inhibitor

reversible

reversible

reversible inhibitor

revulsive; causing revulsion; counterirritant

Reye's syndrome: an acute, potentially fatal metabolic disease seen in children and characterized clinically by vomiting, hypoglycemia and confusion, which may lead to coma

fetus isoimmunization; Rh isoimmunization; rhesus isoimmunization; fetal isoimmunization

rhabdomyolysis: necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria

rhabdomyoma

rhabdomyosarcoma

rhagade; lines, deep fissure

rheology

rhesus factor; Rh factor

rhesus incompatibility of blood; blood group incompatibility

rheumatic arteritis

rheumatic fever

Bouillaud's disease; rheumatic heart disease; rheumatic carditis

early rheumatic lesion

rheumatic nodules; Aschoff bodies

rheumatism

muscular rheumatism, fibrositis

chronic infectious arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis, atrophic arthritis, chronic inflammatory arthritis, proliferative arthritis, rheumatic gout

rheumatoid; rheumaticy

rheumatology

atrophic rhinitis

rhinitis

allergic rhinitis; hay fever, allergic coryza; rhinitis in an allergic person; the sniffles

rhinolite; nasal calculus: a concretion formed within the cavities of the nose

rhinometry

rhinopharyngitis; inflammation of the nasal passages & throat; nasopharyngitis; postnasal catarrh

Indian rhinoplasty, nose job; Carpue Operation

iodic rhinorrhea

rhinorrhea; excessive mucous secretion from the nose; a very runny nose

Hebra rhinoscleroma nose

rhinoscope; conchoscope; nasal speculum

rhinosporidiosis

rhinosporidium

rhinovirus, picornaviridae that largely infect the upper respiratory tract; the cold virus

rhizotomy

visual purple; rhodopsin: a photoreceptor protein found in the discs of retinal rods & cones; visual purple

microbial rhodopsins

rhomboid

rhomboid fossa

rhonchus; wheezing sound

facelift; rhytidoplasty; face lift; rhytidectomy

rib cage

rib; costa

Rebetol; ribavirin; a drug used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C

ribitol: a sugar alcohol formed by the reduction of ribose

lactoflavin; riboflavin

riboflavin deficiency: a syndrome chiefly marked by cheilitis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, and a purplish red or magenta-colored tongue

riboflavin synthase

RNAase; ribonuclease: any of various enzymes that degrade RNA by hydrolysing its phosphodiester

ribonucleoproteins: conjugated proteins that contain RNA as the nonprotein portion

ribonucleoside monophosphate

ribonucleosides; ribonucleoside phosphates; nucleosides of D-ribose

calcium-5'-ribonucleotide

ribonucleotide reductases

ribonucleotide: a nucleotide in which a purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose molecule

C5H10O5 ribose: a pentose active in biological systems

rDNA; ribosomal DNA

ribosomal hybridization; nucleic acid hybridization; genomic hybridization

ribosomal proteins

rNA ribosomal RNA

ribosome: a granule of protein and RNA, synthesized in the nucleolus and found in the cytoplasm of cells

ribostamycin

ribozyme; RNA enzyme; ribonucleic acid enzyme

true ribs, vertebrosternal ribs

false ribs; floating ribs

ribulose

carboxydismutase; ribulose diphosphate; ribulose-bisphosphate

ribulose diphosphate carboxylase; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase; carboxydismutase

ricin: a protein phytotoxin from the seeds the castor oil plant

rickets, ricketts

Rickettsia antigens; rickettsial antigens

rickettsial disease

rifampicin; rifampin

Rift Valley fever

right-handed

rigidity & muscle pain, sudden spasm; rash and swelling

rigidity; stiffness

cataleptic rigor mortis

rigor mortis, cadaveric rigidity; a temporary rigidity of muscles occurring after death

ring finger

Ringer's solution: an intravenous solution consisting of salt, potassium, and calcium in water, used to treat dehydration

ring-test

tinea capitis; ringworm of the scalp; herpes tonsurans capillitii; barbae; corporis; vesiculosus

risk-benefit assessment; risk assessment

risk factor: anything that increases a person's chances of developing a certain disease

risk groups

hspital incident reporting; risk management; risk assessment; cindynics

risk of exposure to asbestos

at-risk patient; patient at risk

risks

risks related to radon in homes

risky, dangerous

risorius muscle

risperidone: a dopamine antagonist

ritalin, methylphenidate: a drug used to treat hyperactive children

RNA

RNA editing: specific alterations of RNA that aren't coded into the genes

RNA interference; RNA-mediated interference; post-transcriptional gene silencing

converting viral RNA into a single DNA strand

transfer RNA; tRNA, adaptor RNA, adaptator

Pierre Robin syndrome

medical robot; surgical robot

surgical robotics; robo-surgery; medical robotics

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii

rod; wand; bougie; Gouley catheter

retinal rods: one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the retina; rod photoreceptors

Aschoff-Rokitansky sinus;

rolands epilepsy; rolandic epilepsy; benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes; centrotemporal epilepsy; Rolando's epilepsy

role models

spontaneous role-playing: group therapy where people act out emotional situations

root canal (dentist)

Donaldson root canal plugger

root canal plugger; gutta-percha plugger

Kerr's broach; root canal-reamer; root canal barbed broach

root; radix

Albrecht root-canal filling

Requip®; ropinirole

Rorschach test

rotator cuff tendinitis; shoulder tendon inflammation

rotator cuff: a group of four muscles in the shoulder that help stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa

rotavirus infections

human rotavirus: a major cause of infantile gastro-enteritis

rotavirus; Orbivirus

rotund; round

rough

routinely; usually

Roux's gastroenterostomy; Roux-en-Y anastomosis; Roux-en-Y intestinal loop

royal jelly (from bees)

to rub one's eyes

to rub; to rub hard; to scrape

latex rubber; rubber

blue rubber bleb nevus

rubbing; friction

rubella; German measles: an acute viral illness that starts as an upper respiratory infection and evolves into a generalized rash

rumination; merycism

runaway plasmid

run-down, weakened

run-down; tired, dragging, worn out

rupture

rupture of a tendon

artificial rupture of the amniotic sac; rupture of the amniotic membrane

eardrum rupture, perforation of the tympanic membrane; burst eardrum

delayed rupture; late rupture

rural areas; rural environment

rutin; rutoside: a glucoside resembling quercitrin

ryanodine; ryanodin

Sabia virus: the virus that causes Brazilian hemorrhagic fever

saccharimeter; mustmeter

saccharin

sacciform; saccular

saccoradiculography

saccule, sacculus

Tay-Sachs disease

sacral canal

sacral plexus

sacral spinal cord; sacral part of the spinal cord

sacral vertebrae

sacrococcygeal ansa

sacral region; sacrococcygeal region

sacroiliac arthritis

sacroiliac joint, sacro-iliac articulation

sacrolumbar transition area

sacrolumbar; lumbo-sacral

sacrum

sacrum block of the pelvis

safe sex

to have safe sex; to take precautions against STDs

safety

safety belt (in a vehicle), shoulder belt

safety measures

safety-in-use evaluation of additives

saffron

sagacious

sagittal axis

median plane; sagittal plane

sagittal plane: a vertical plane which is in parallel with the median plane of the body

salacious; libidinous

salbutamol; albuterol: a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist

methyl salicylate

salicylate derivative

salicylates

salicylic acid

salicylism; pain-killer poisoning

saline flush

saline infusion

hypertonic saline solution

normal saline solution

saline; salty

saliva trap

saliva, sputum, spittle

salivary amylase; ptyalin

salivary calculi; salivary calculus

salivary fistula; salivary gland fistula

salivary glands

mixed tumor of the salivary glands; pleomorphic adenoma: benign, slow-growing tumor occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule of the parotid gland or anywhere in the oral cavity; chondroid syringoma

excessive salivation; ptyalism; sialorrhea

salivation; salivating; the secretion of saliva

salmeterol; Serevent

Salmonella enteritidis; salmonella aertricke; salmonella typhimurium: a frequent cause of food poisoning

salmonella bacteriemia

salmonellosis; salmonella infection; salmonella poisoning; salmonella food poisoning

salmonella typhimurium histidine reversion system

salmonella typhimurium serum

salmonella typhimurium-reverse mutation assay

salmonella: a genus of gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae that are responsible for several infections in humans; a facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source

tubectomy; salpingectomy

salpingitis: 1. inflammation of the uterine tube. 2. inflammation of the auditory tube

salpingolysis: breaking down of adhesions in the uterus

salpingoplasty; tuboplasty

salpingoscopy

salt exsiccosis; dehydration due to salt deficiency

salt; NaCl

Epsom salt; Seidlitz salt

saltatory excitation conduction

salt-free diet

salting-out of proteins

KNO3; saltpeter; potassium nitrate: a diuretic; a diaphoretic

saluric; encouraging sodium and chlorine in urine

salve, ointment for wounds

same-sex partnerships

a urine sample

known sample

trade sample

samples, specimens

sampling

food sanatorium: an establishment for the treatment of persons suffering from chronic diseases, particularly tuberculosis

sanguine; optimistic

sanitary napkin; sanitary pad

food sanitation; food hygiene

to sanitize; to desinfect

sanity

saphenous

saphenous artery: a branch of the descending genicular artery

saphenous vein: vein which drains the foot & leg

saponins

saprophyte; an organism that lives on dead, decaying matter but is not pathogenic

sarcastic; sardonic

pulmonary sarcoidosis

Boeck's sarcoid; sarcoidosis: Besnier-Boeck disease; sarcoid granulomatosis; benign lymphogranulomatosis; lupus pernio: a chronic disorder in which many lymph nodes are enlarged

sarcolemma: plasma membrane of a striated muscle fiber

dermal sarcoma

Kaposi's sarcoma

sarcoma of the testicle

sarcoma; tumor

sarcoplasmic reticulum

sarcoptic mange

sartorius muscle

satellite DNA

job satisfaction

patient satisfaction

user satisfaction

saturated fatty acids

saturnine polyglobulism

cruor; scab on a wound; crust

scabies; mange; scabies acariasis; sarcoptic acariasis: a contagious dermatitis caused by the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei

scabious

scaffolding

scalding hot water

scale

scalene muscle

scalenus

costoclavicular syndrome; scalenus anticus syndrome; thoracic outlet syndrome; Naffziger's syndrome

scalenus syndrome; cervical rib syndrome; thoracic outlet syndrome

scalp

disposable scalpel

scalpel, lancet; surgical knife

to scan

CT scan of the brain, CAT scan, cerebral CT scan

radioisotope scanner

tomographic scanner

whole body scanner

scanning

scanning electron microscope; scanning tunneling microscope

SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy

radioisotope scanning; radionuclide imaging; isotope scanning; radionuclide scanning; scintigraphy; gammagraphy; gammaradiography

scaphoid

scaphoid bone

scaphoid fossa

scapula, shoulder blade

scapular cartilage; cartilage in the shoulder blade

scapular; of the shoulder blade

scapulohumeral periarthritis

scar tissue; a scar

scarification; cupping

scarlatinal angina

scarlatina scarlet fever

scarred, scarring; cicatrizing

scarring; cicatrization; healing over, closing of a wound

scary; frightening

scatter factor: a motility factor isolated from conditioned medium in which human fibroblasts have been grown

scattered radiation

non-scheduled drugs

Scheuermann's disease

schistosomiasis; collector's itch; bilharziasis; snail fever

urinary schistosomiasis; schistosomiasis haematobia; schistosomal hematuria; endemic hematuria

intestinal schistosomiasis; schistosomiasis mansoni; Manson's intestinal schistosomiasis

schizophrenia: a severe emotional psychotic disorder characterized by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, hallucinations, emotional distress, and regressive behavior

paranoid schizophrenia; delusional disorder

schizophrenic (person)

schizophrenic psychosis

Sanarelli-Schwartzman phenomenon; Sanarelli-Schwartzman reaction; Schwartzman phenomenon

stretching of sciatic nerve

sciatic nerve

sciatica

scintillation

scintillation counter; scintillation detector

scintillation index

scissors

sclera; white of the eye

scleritis; episcleritis: any inflammation of the sclera

scleroconjunctivitis

sclerodactyly: stiffness & tightening of the skin of the fingers, with atrophy of the soft tissues and osteoporosis; acroscleroderma

circumscribed scleroderma: a chronic, localized hardening and thickening of the skin

systemic scleroderma; diffuse scleroderma; systemic sclerosis

scleroma: tumor-like hardening of the skin; sclerotic

sclerosing lymphoma of the mediastinum

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

myocardial sclerosis

sclerosis; hardening

sclerotization; sclerotherapy

hardened; sclerotic

blue sclerotics disease; osteogenesis imperfecta; osteopsathyrosis; Ekman-Lobstein syndrome

sclerotization

facial scoliosis

scoliosis: abnormal curvature

spinal scoliosis: abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

scoliotic posture

scopolamine derivatives

C17H21NO4 scopolamine; hyoscine; an alkaloid from solanaceae, especially datura metel l. and scopola carniolica; the active alcaloid of henbane

scored tablet

scotoma; blind spot

to scrape (the skin)

scrape mark, scrub mark, scuff mark

to scrape one's knee

penicillin scratch test

to scratch, to scrape, to abrade

scratch; superficial injury; abrasion

prenatal screening

routine screening for cancer

screening for risk factors

HIV screening test

drug screening: preclinical testing of drugs on animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications

screening; detection

pre-symptomatic screening; preclinical screening

genetic screening; presymptomatic genetic testing

scrofulous diathesis

scrotal

scrotum

scrub itch; trombidiasis

to scrub up before surgery

to scrub, to wash, to clean

hospital scrubs; hospital clothing; casual hospital uniform

scurvy

search engine

S.A.D., Seasonal Affective Disorder, the winter blues

seasonally adjusted

red seaweed; red algae

sebaceous

sebaceous acne

sebaceous glands

sebaceous matter, sebaceous secretion

seborrhea; oily skin, greasy skin

seborrheic dermatitis

seborrheic keratosis

second generation problems

secondary

secondary focus

secondary tumor; metastasis

second-look surgery

to secrete

secretin: a hormone of the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion & lowers blood sugar levels

secretin test; secretin-pancreozymin test

secretion

increased secretion of adrenalin

secretion of the pancreas

secretory

transport piece; secretory component

section; incision

secular trend

sedation

(adjective) sedative; calming; ataraxic

(noun) sedative; tranquilizer

barbiturate sedatives

nonbarbiturate sedatives

sedentary; sitting

urinary sediment

sediment

sedimentation

sedimentation of the blood

seeding; neoplasm seeding

segment

segmented gamma-scanning

segregation, internment, prevention, protection, prophylaxis, quarantine

transgressive segregation, transgression, transgressive variation

epileptic seizure, convulsions; epileptc attack

P-selectin: a cell adhesion molecule & CD antigen that mediates the adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes to activated platelets and endothelial cells

selection criteria

selective

iodine-selective electrode

selectivity

selector gene

selegiline

selenium

self care

self control

self defense

self efficacy

self-esteem self esteem; self-worth, self-respect; a positive self-image

self examination

self help

self help groups

self medication

self-help center

self-help, mutual help

self-image

junk DNA theory; selfish DNA theory

self-limiting illness; self-limiting disease

self-medication

autodidactic; self-taught; self-educated

sella turcica (in the sphenoid bone)

fresh semen

semen stains

semen storage

frozen semen; frozen sperm

semen; sperm

ionic semiconductor

semiconductor detector

in a fugue state; semiconscious

semilunar notch (in the cerebellum)

semilunar notch (in the lower jaw)

semilunar; half-moon-shaped

seminal

seminal colliculus; seminal hillock

seminal fluid collected in a condom

seminal vesicle

SVPs; seminal vesicle proteins; proteins found in semen

seminiferous tubules: the convoluted tubules in the testis where sperm are produced

semiquantitative

semisynthetic

senescence

senile dementia

senility; old age

sensation

sense of balance

sense of cold; the sensation of cold

lack of sense of personal worth; feelings of inadequacy

sense of smell, olfactory

sense of taste, ability to taste

sense of touch; tactile sense

sense organs

senses

perceptible; sensible; noticeable

sensible; wise, down-to-earth

sensitive

sensitive nerve root

sensitivity

sensitivity test

sensitivity to vibrations

sensitivity training; encounter group

active sensitization

sensitizing

consciousness; sensorium; neurosensory system

sensory adaptation

sensory awareness

sensory deprivation

sensory fatigue

sensory functions

binocular fusion; sensory fusion

sensory hairs

sensory nerves

sensory neuron

superior sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve

sensory organ, sense organ

reflex epilepsy; sensory precipitated epilepsy; provoked epilepsy

sensory receptor

sensory; sense-related

sentinel animal, control animal

sentinel health event; sentinel surveillance

sentinel lymph node

separation anxiety, fear of abandonment

separator

brucella sepsis

Buday sepsis

focal sepsis

sepsis syndrome; sepsis, septicemia, blood poisoning; bacteriemia

septal abscess

septic

septicemia; blood poisoning

septo-optic dysplasia

septoplasty

cavity of septum lucidum; Arantius ventricle

septum lucidum; septum pellucidum

septum; dividing wall

sequel, sequelae; complication

sequence alignment

sequence deletion

homologous sequences; sequence homology

nucleic acid sequence homology; base sequence homology

sequencing of human genome

protein sequencing system; protein sequence analysis

mapping and sequencing the human genome

sequential

association of sequential stimuli

sequestra; pieces of bone

pulmonary sequestration; bronchopulmonary sequestration: a developmental anomaly in which nonfunctional lung tissue lacks normal connection to the tracheobroncheal tree and receives blood originating from the descending thoracic or abdominal aorta

serine protease; serine endopeptidase

serine proteinase inhibitors; serine protease antagonists

serine: an amino acid synthesised in the body from glycine or threonine

serine-specific TRNA; SER transfer RNA

seriography; serial radiography

serious injury

sermorelin

seroconversion; development of resistance

serodiagnosis; serologic tests

serological study; serological examination, serological test

serologic testing; serological testing; serologic analysis

serotyping; serological typing

serological; blood study-related

anti-HIV serology

forensic serology

serology: the branch of science which deals with serum

seroprevalence

serous membrane; serosa: the outermost coat or serous layer of a visceral structure in the body cavities of the abdomen or thorax

serotherapy

serotinus

serotoninergic neurons; serotonergic neurons: neurons which secrete the neurotransmitter serotonin

anti-serotonin drug, serotonin antagonist; antiserotonin

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SSRI

selective serotonin antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor

5-HT; serotonin: 5-hydroxytryptamine; enteramine: a neurotransmitter & hormone

serotype; serological type; (in immunology) the genotype of a unicellular organism

serpins; serpin superfamily; serine protease inhibitors

serratus; saw-tooth

sertraline; zoloft

blood serum

serum

inorganic serum

serum against allergic diseases

serum against gangrene

radio-iodinated serum albumin

capillary serum electrophoresis

SGPT: serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase; alanine transaminase

sgot: serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase

serum rash; serum exanthema

serum sickness: a hypersensitivity response (type III) to the injection of antigen or serum proteins

immune serum; antiserum; therapeutic serum

serum-free culture media

sesamoid cartilage of the larynx

setback, adversity, upset

SARS; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: a viral infection characterized by high fever, dry cough, shortness of breath (dyspnea) or breathing difficulties, and atypical pneumonia

a bad, severe, sharp pain

severity; criticality

sevoflurane

choice of sex by genetic manipulation

sex chromosome aberrations; sex chromosome abnormalities

sex chromosome disorders; diseases linked to the sex chromosome

sex chromosomes: the chromosomes reponsible for sex determination

sex education

age-sex pyramid

sex tourism

prostitutes; sex workers

nuclear sex, chromosomal sex

sexist

sexist stereotypes

sex-linked genetic disease

gonosomal heredity; sex-linked inheritance; x-linked inheritance

SLRL test; sex-linked recessive lethal assay; sex-linked recessive lethal test

sexology

sexual behavior; sex-type behavior

sexual abstinence

anhedony; sexual anesthesia; anhedonia: the absence of pleasure from the performance of acts that would ordinarily be pleasurable

sexual behavior

sexual counseling

psychological sexual dysfunctions; psychosexual disorders

sexual harassment

sexual health

sexual health promotion

coitus, sexual intercourse, sexual union, concubitus, copulation; sexual relations

virility; sexual potency; sexual ability

sexual preference

sexual problems

sexual relationships

sexual reproduction

sexual reproductive system

sexuality

sexually active

sexually transmitted disease: any disease, such as genital herpes, gonorrhoea, hiv or chlamydia, whose usual means of transmission is by sexual contact

bacterial sexually transmitted diseases; bacterial venereal diseases

shame

sharp, severe pain; acute pain

sharps container; receptacle for used needles

to shave

shaving brush

shaving cream

shaving soap

shearing fracture, spiral fracture

sheathing, involucrum; special hand or foot bandage

sheep pox

sheet, bedsheet

hospital sheet, underlay; mattress protector

sheltered housing; sheltered accommodation

left shift; shift to the left

shift work; shift working

shigellosis

shin bone, tibia: the long bone on the medial, pre-axial border of the leg

shin splint: a syndrome consisting of pain along the inner tibial shaft

shin; tibia

herpes zoster; shingles: a skin condition caused by reactivation of a Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection

to shiver; to tremble; shivering; chattering teeth

shivering (from cold)

shivering attack, uncontrollable trembling

anaphylactic shock

delayed shock

electric shock

circulatory shock, state of shock

emotional shock, trauma

insulin shock: severe condition that exists when the level of blood glucose drops quickly.

septic shock; bacteremic shock; toxic shock; toxic shock syndrome

shock; fright; being startled

impact; shock; jolt; bump; blow

drug user shooting up; a drug abuser practicing intravenous injection; an intravenous drug abuser in action

to be short of breath; puffing

short-term memory; immediate memory; working memory

STM; short-term memory

short-term memory

short-term; temporary

shotgun method of cloning

stiffness of the shoulder

shoulder

shoulder blade

shoulder girdle

shoulder tendon inflammation

shower

shower cubicle, shower stall

to shrink

to shudder, to shiver, to have chills

shunt blood, bypass blood

shunt; bypass

(molecular biology) shuttle vector; a cloning vector that replicates in cells of more than one organism; genetic vector

autonomic failure, progressive Shy-Drager syndrome; dysautonomic orthostatic hypotension; Shy-Drager type idiopathic orthostatic hypotension

sialic acids: derivatives of neuraminic acid

sialic acids: group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid

sialic, siallitic

ST; sialyl transferases; sialyltransferases

siblings; brothers and sisters

sibutramine

siccative; desiccant

to get sick because of an emotional upset

sick building syndrome

sick sinus syndrome

sickening, disgusting

Herrick's anemia; sickle cell anemia: an inherited blood disorder characterized by chronic anemia and painful episodes; due to being heterozygous for hemoglobin S

a sickly child; a delicate child

a sickly smell; a stink

unhealthy; sickly, feeble, pale

side effect, adverse reaction; secondary effect

sideroblastic refractory anemia

siderosis; welder's lung; arc welder's pneumoconiosis; pneumoconiosis siderotica

sight; ability to see

sigmoid colon

sigmoid volvulus

sigmoid; S-shaped part of colon

signet ring cell

signet ring cell carcinoma

significant

vital signs

signs

silhouette

silica gel; silicone gel

silicon breast implant

silicon: a nonmetalic element analogous to carbon; silicium

silicone

silicone grease

silicone oils: organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage

silicone ointment

silicosis: scarring & inflammation in the lungs due to inhalation of dust particles

silicotuberculosis; infective silicosis

silver

silver bromide-iodide

silver iodide

uncomplicated; simple, simplex

simulation; modelling

simulator

concurrent; simultaneous

simvastatin

single people

single-acting

one-parent family; single-parent family

singlet oxygen

singular

singultus; hiccup

sinister

sinoatrial node, natural pacemaker, sinus node

sinus

sinus arrhythmia

sinus, sinusal; sinus-related

sinusitis

lambda-like phages; siphoviridae; enterobacteria; phage bf

Sippy treatment; sippy diet: a diet formerly used in the initial stages of treatment of peptic ulcer

sismotherapy; vibratory massage; vibrational therapy

sisomicin: an antibiotic related to gentamicin

site-specific mutagenesis; site-directed mutagenesis; SDM; directed mutagenesis

site-specific mutation

site-specific recombination

site-specific treatment

in situ; in the normal place

sitz bath; hip bath

Sjögren's syndrome, Sjogren disease; Sjogren-Gougerot syndrome: sicca-syndrome; failure of lacrimal, mucous & salivary secretions & polyarthritis

skeletal balance; skeletal workup

skeletal muscles; red striated muscles

skeletal scintigraphy

skeletal, emaciated

skeletogeny; morphogenesis of the skeleton (in embryology)

skeleton

anti-skid, nonslip; non-skid; skid resistant

dry skin

accelerated skin aging, premature aging of the skin

skin atrophy

skin biopsy

skin care

bacterial skin disease

skin disease

skin graft, epidermal graft: a piece of skin cut from a donor area & transferred to a recipient site

a skin lesion with scaling

skin lotion

skin pocket

skin reflex

skin testing; skin test; patch test; epicutaneous test

artificial skin; a synthetic material used for the treatment of burns & other conditions involving large-scale loss of skin

skin; derma

skin; epidermis

skinfold

skull fracture; cranial fracture

skull, cranium

base of the skull; cranial base

slab

to slap

a slap in the face

sleep

sleep deprivation

sleep disorder, somnipathy; sleep disturbance

sleep paralysis

sound sleep; deep sleep

REM sleep; paradoxical sleep; rapid-eye-movement sleep

NREM sleep; slow wave sleep; non-rapid eye movement sleep; orthodox sleep

hypersomnia; sleepiness, drowsiness, torpor, somnolence, sluggishness

extreme sleepiness; morbid sleepiness; clinomania

sleeping disorders

sleeping pill

sleeping pill, hypnotic; soporific

sleeping pills

sleepless, wakeful, insomniac

sleepy, drowsy

to be sleepy, to be drowsy

slight, mild pain

slender; slim, light, minor, thin, slight; delicate; skinny

slime flux; exudation of mucus

sling

sling (for arm)

Glisson's sling: a leather collar applied around the neck & under the chin, to which is attached an extension apparatus over a pulley above the patient's head

slippery, oily, greasy

slow virus

slow-release form

sluggish, apathetic, slow, indolent

small and medium sized enterprises

small intestine

non small-cell lung carcinoma

smallpox vaccine

smallpox: acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized by a biphasic febrile course and distinctive progressive skin eruptions

cervical smear

smear

Pap smear, Pap test

smegma: a foul-smelling accumulation of sebum and desquaminated epidermal cells found under the foreskin of the penis and at the base of the labia minor near the clitoris

anti-smegmatic-factor

to smell, to perceive an odor

smelling salts

Smith fracture

Smith syndrome; acute infectious lymphocytosis

Smithwick's operation

smog; air pollution

smokers

smoker's cancer

smoking

smoking cessation

smoking policies

smoking prevention

smoking, tabacco use

passive smoking; second-hand smoking

to stop smoking; to quit smoking

snake bite

to sneeze

sneeze

to snore; snoring

snoring

obstruction snoring

snot, nasal mucus

snout, mouth (animal term)

soapy

to sober up

sober; not drunk

sobriety

social adjustment; social adaptation

social control

social exclusion

social facilitation

social integration

social isolation

social psychology

social research

social sciences

social services

social support

social therapist

social work

social work with adults

hospital social worker

medical social worker

psychiatric social worker

social worker, social case worker

socialization

society

socioeconomic factors

socioeconomic status

sodium

NaAsO2 sodium arsenite

sodium chloride perfusion test

sodium chloride, table salt

sodium fluoride

sodium hydroxide, caustic soda

sodium lye; soda lye

sodium pump: a molecular mechanism by which sodium ions are actively transported across a plasma membrane

sodium saccharine

sodium sulfate

low-sodium diet; sodium-restricted diet; low-salt diet

sodomy; bestiality

mass of soft tissue

surrounding soft tissue

soft tissue integrity

soft tissues

to soften

soiled dressing, dirty bandages

organic solar cell

solar cheilitis

solar flare

solar keratosis

solar plexus; celiac plexus

solar; sun-related

sole of the foot, plantar surface

soleus muscle

solitary

solubilizer; solubilizing agent

solution, fluid

loading solution; buffered solution

solvent, thinner, dissolvent, diluant

somatic

somatic cell

somatic cell hybridization

in vivo somatic cell mutation assay

somatic cell mutation; somatic mutation

somatic gene mutation

somatic gene therapy

unusual somatic sensations

somatic; body-related

somatization

somatomotor activity

somatomotor adaptive response

singular cortex; somatosensory cortex; somesthetic area: the part of the parietal lobe concerned that receives general sensations

somatosensory disorders

somatosensory seizure; somatosensory epilepsy; seizure with somatosensory symptoms

SSEP; somatosensory evoked potentials

somatosensory system

somatostatin: growth-hormone-release-inhibiting hormone

somatotropin receptors

somatotropin; growth hormone

somite; mesoblastic segment; mesodermal segment

somnambulism; sleep-walking

somnolence; sleepiness, drowsiness

sonication

echo-free; sonolucent; transonic; anechoic

soothing; relaxing; pacifying; comforting

soporific; sleep-inducing; hypnotic

sorbic acid

sorbitol

sordes: the foul matter that collects on the teeth and tongue in low fevers

canker sore (in the mouth), aphthous ulcer

sore; painful spot

soreness of the mouth after eating sour fruit (Mexican concept)

muscle soreness; muscle stiffness

sorting, classifying, separation, triage

souffle; puff

sour

sparganosis: Diphyllobothrium infection

spasm of adductor muscles

spasm; a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle

anorectal spasm; proctalgia

spasmic mydriasis; spastic mydriasis

tropical spasmodic dysphagia: a disease in Brazil whereby swallowing is difficult & painful

spasmodic; spastic

spasmolytic; anti-spasm

spastic

spastic diplegia; Little's disease; spastic spinal paralysis

spastic gait

spasticity; muscle rigidity, convulsions

space sense; spatial aptitude; spatial perception; spatial awareness

spatial behavior; proxemics

spatial desorientation

spatial relations

special education

medical specialist

medical specialty

species

purity of species

specific

tissue specimen

specimen for macroscopic examination

specimen; sample

spectinomycin

spectrometry of soft X-rays by means of a semiconductor detector

emission spectroscopy

imaging spectroscopy

infrared spectroscopy

interference spectroscopy

mass spectroscopy; mass spectrometry

spectrum

laryngeal speculum

mouth speculum

vaginal speculum

speculum

Barnes speculum; vaginal speculum

speech defect, dysarthria, inability to speak

speech pathology; speech disorders, speech defects; speech problems

speech pathologist

speech pathology, auditive system & speech, phoniatry

speech therapist

speech therapy, speech training

state-certified speech, respiration and elocution instructor

slurred speech, slurred articulation

speech therapy; speech-language pathology

speech-language pathology

sperm

sperm motility

spermacidal jelly

spermatic

removal of the spermatic cord; vasectomy

spermatocele: a painless, fluid-filled cyst in the epididymous

spermatocyte at diakinesis-metaphase I

spermatogenesis; sperm-formation

zygote; spermatovum; fertilized ovum

spermicidal foam

spermicide; sperm-killing contraceptive

spermicides

spermidine

sphaericu

sphaeroid

sphaeroid

sphenoid bone

sphenoid bone

sphenoid sinus

sphenoid sinus; sphenoparietal sinus

sphenoid sinusitis

sphenoida

sphenoidal process of the palatine bone

spherical; spheroide

spherocyte

spherocytosis: familial congenital hemolytic anemia characterized by spherically shaped erythrocytes

Hyrtl sphincter

sphincter

sphincter control

sphincter: any annular muscle closing an orifice

Oddi's sphincter: the sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla within the duodenal papilla

cardial sphincter; diaphragm sphincter of the esophagus

ileocolic sphincter; ileocolic valve

pyloric sphincter; sphincter antri

anal sphincter; the anus

sphincter spasm; sphincterismus: spasmodic contraction of the sphincter ani muscles

sphincterotomy; excision of a sphincter

sphingomyelin

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase

non-invasive sphygmomanometer

sphygmomanometer

sphyrectomy

spica bandage; figure-of-8 bandage

spiked samples; fortified samples

spiked virus: a virus added to a sample

electron paramagnetic resonance; spin echo imaging; electron spin resonance spectroscopy

spina bifida occulta

spina bifida, cleft spine

spinal

progressive spinal amyotrophy

spinal column

spinal commissure

spinal cord

spinal cord disorders; spinal cord diseases

spinal cord neoplasms

SCS; spinal cord stimulation

patient with a spinal cord trauma; spinal cord injured patient

spinal curvature; spinal deformity

spinal diseases

spinal fractures

spinal ganglia

spinal injections

spinal cord injury; spinal injury; spinal cord trauma

spinal jacket

spondylotherapy; spinal manipulation

spinal muscular atrophies of childhood

spinal neoplasms

spinal nerve plexuses

spinal nerve roots

spinal nerves

spinal paralysis

spinal reflex

spinal stenosis

rachiocentesis; spinal tap, lumbar puncture, Quincke's puncture; LP

His spindle

mitotic spindle

spindle fiber (in mitosis)

spindle inhibitor

spindle-like incision

bamboo spine

spine

spine of a vertebra, the spinous process, spinal crest Rauber

kissing spine syndrome; Baastrup's kissing spine syndrome

spine, spinal column, backbone

spinocerebellar degeneration

spinosus

spinous foot: an affliction of horses & cattle

fracture of spinous process, spinous process rupture

eccrine spiradenoma; nodular hidradenoma

Corti's ganglion; spiral ganglion

helicoidal; spiral-shaped; heliciform; cochleariform; helical

spiritual care givers

spirituality

spirochete: a microscopic bacterial organism in the Spirochaeta family; causes Lyme disease

spirometer

lung volume measurement; spirometry; spirometric testing: measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled in the lung

to spit, to expectorate

splanchnopleure; splanchnoderm; visceral mesoderm; splanchnopleuric mesoderm

spleen

spleen infection

infectious splenic anemia; sideroblastic anemia

splenic artery

spleen cancer; splenic neoplasm

splenic plexus

lumbar splenic puncture, sternal puncture

ruptured spleen; splenic rupture; rupture of the spleen

splenic vein

splenic; splenogenic

splenium

splenius muscle

enlarged spleen; splenomegaly; spleen enlargement

protein splicing

RNA splicing; intron splicing

finger splint

hip splint

inflatable splint

leg splint

splint

to splint, to put in a cast or splint

a splinter

split-skin graft; dermo-epidermal graft

spondylarthritis; spinal arthritis

ankylosing spondylitis deformans, poker back; rheumatoid spondylitis; ankylosing spondylitis

spondylitis; vertebral inflammation

isthmic spondylolisthesis

spondylolysis: the dissolution of a vertebra

spinal osteophytosis; spondylosis; ankylosis of the vertebrae; Barre-Lieou syndrome

spondylodesis; spondylosyndesis; spinal fusion

spondylotherapy; spinal manipulation; chiropractic treatment

sponge bath

medullary sponge kidney; Cacchi-Ricci disease:a cystic disease of the medullary portion of the renal pyramids

transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mad cow disease

sub-clinical spontaneous abortion

spontaneous fracture; pathological fracture

spontaneous remission

sporadic; random

sporotrichosis: a chronic mycotic infection

sporotrichotic intertrigo

sports injuries; athletic injuries

sports medicine

soft spot on baby's head, fontanelle

spotting

to sprain one's ankle

sprain, dislocation

to sprain; to buckle (e.g. knee)

spray

springy, supple, limber

spur

heel spur, calcanean spur

spurious

sputum induction

sputum; phlegm; mucus

squamous cell carcinoma: a malignant growth originating from a squamous cell; it is characterized by red, scaly skin that becomes an open sore. on the skin, lips, or inside the mouth or throat

squamous cell neoplasm; squamous cell carcinoma: a neoplasm composed of squamous cells of the epithelium

keratinocyte; squamous cell; squamous epithelial cell: a flat, thin cell found in the outer layer of the skin

squamous epithelium

squamous: of the squamous epithelial layer

squamous; scaly

to squat

too-delicate; squeamish; susceptible; touchy; prudish; prim; finicky; coy; prissy; fastidious; fussy

to squint

squint, strabismus

St. John's wort; hypericum perforatum

S.L.E. virus; St. Louis encephalitis virus

to stab; to stab some one

sharp stabbing pain, piercing pain; lancinating pain; pulsating pain

stabbing, poking, jabbing pain, piercing pain, twinge

stability

stabilization

medical staff ; medical personnel

to stagger, weave, to be unsteady on one's feet

staging

TMN staging system

cancer staging: the determination of the size and extent of cancer in the body

Gram stain

stain, discoloration

to stain, to color, to dye

staining

to stanch; to stop the flow of blood; to stop the bleeding

suv; standard uptake value

to standardize

stannosis; tin miner's lung

tin fluoride; stannous fluoride; stannic fluoride

androstanolone; stanolone; 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone;

stapedius

stapes

staphylococcal enterotoxin

serum against staphylococcal infection

staphylococcal skin infections

staphylococcous pneumonia

staphylococcus aureus toxin

staphylococcus aureus; the superbug

staphylococcus phages

staphyloma: a protrusion of the globe of the eyeball

staphylotoxin

agraffe; staple (surgical), suture clip, wound clip

star anise; Illicium

starch

Starr-Edwards valve; Starr-Edwards ball valve prosthesis

startle reflex; startle reaction: startle response, jumping when startled

to starve to death

stasis dermatitis

stasis; keeping in check, slowing down of a flow

state of mind

statement of dose; posology; dosage regimen; overall dosage

statins: cholesterol-lowering drugs

medical station; workstation; medical workstation

stationary; constant

stationery; letterhead paper

statistical

statistics

vital statistics, demographic data, population statistics

status

steadiness (of the hand)

steady state

arterial steal syndrome; stealing syndrome

sauna; steam bath

steatonecrosis; fat necrosis; adiponecrosis

steatorrhea; excess fat in the feces

steatosis; fatty degeneration

stellate ganglion; cervicothoracic ganglion

stellate; star-shaped

embryonic stem cell

stem cell

mitral stenosis

stenosis of the bile duct

stenosis; narrowing of a duct or vessel; pathologic constriction

dacron-coated stent

drug-coated stent

stenting; stent placement; intravascular stenting

wire mesh stent: intravascular stent: a tiny mesh tube implanted into an artery to provide the necessary scaffolding to hold the artery open and to ensure blood flow to the heart

stereoscopic depth perception

stereoscopic vision; stereopsis

stereotaxis

stereotype; cliché

stereotyped

stereotypy of movements

stereotypy; iteration

a sterile environment

sterile room

irreversible sterility

sterility, infertility

dry sterilization

eugenic sterilization

ultraviolet sterilization

reversal of sterilization (of a man or woman); vasectomy reversal; vasostomy

sterilization (of instruments)

sterilization (of man or woman)

sterilization by irradiation

to sterilize; to disinfect

dry-heat sterilizer; hot-air sterilizer

sternal; of the sternum

sternoclavicular joint

sternocleidomastoid artery

sternocleidomastoid muscle

sternum, breastbone

steroid

urinary steroid profile

anabolic steroid, androgenic steroid

SAID; steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

steroid-responsive dermatosis; corticosensitive dermatosis

sterols; sterol esters

esophageal stethoscope

stethoscope

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

sticking, pricking, prick

sticky

sticky end; cohesive end

stiff neck, torticollis, wry neck

to stiffen (joints)

to stiffen, to go numb

morning stiffness

stiffness of neck

to have stiffness or numbness in the neck or extremities

stiffness, rigidity

stigma

stigmatic papilla

stigmatization; stigmatism; having a stigma

stillbirth; fetal death

stillborn

growth stimulant

stimulant

analeptics; stimulants of the central nervous system

to take stimulants, to dope oneself

electrically stimulated osteogenesis

visually stimulating environment

physical stimulation

inadequate stimulus

unconditioned stimulus

bee sting

to stink, to smell bad

stirrup; stapes

a pain or stitch in the side, stitches in the side; flank pain

stitch up a wound, to suture it

stitches, sutures

stockinet, tubular gauze, stockinette

stoma: an artificial opening in the abdominal wall

stomach

stomach ache; tummy ache

gastric acidity; stomach acidity

stomach cancer

stomach stapling; stomach bypass operation

upset stomach; stomach ache

Fuchs stomata

stomata

vesicular stomatitis: an acute viral disease, especially of horses

stomatitis; any inflammatory disease of the mouth

aphthous stomatitis; canker sore

herpetic stomatitis; herpetic gingivitis

stomatological; involving the study of mouth inflammation

stomatology

stomion

a stool (to sit on)

bloody stool, blood in the feces

strabismus; squinting; being crosseyed

to straddle, to have one leg on each side

to straighten up; to sit up

strain fracture

strain injury, strain disease

repetitive strain injury; overuse syndrome, cumulative trauma disorder; overuse injury; overload injury; occupational overuse syndrome

mental strain, stress

straining of a ligament, rupture or tearing of a ligament

strait jacket

coding strand

leading strand

strand of DNA

double-stranded DNA

single-stranded DNA

having the strangles; suffering from a Streptococcus equi infection; adenitis streptococcalis

strangulated hernia, incarcerated hernia

strangulation ileus

strangulation: excessive compression or constriction of the trachea or other organ

strangury: difficult micturition, characterized by slow, painful and sporadic passage of urine with associated tenesmus

strategies

street children

street drugs

strenuous activity

strep throat, streptococcal throat infection

hemolytic streptococces

fecal streptococci

anti-streptococcic serum

streptococcus

Streptococcus pyogenes; flesh-eating bacteria

streptococcus; streptococcus species

streptokinase, a thrombolytic agent; fibrolysin, an enzyme used to dissolve artery-clogging blood clots

streptomycin: a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic

stress

stress disorders, post-traumatic

physical stress factor; stressor

stress fracture; fatigue fracture; march fracture

stress management

stress test

job stress, overwork, tension

stress, strain, being overworked

stressed out, overwrought

stressful; tiring

stressor

to stretch (body part); to stretch out

stria; stretch marks; linea albicante

stretch reflex

stretcher, litter

stretcher-mounted sprayer

stria vascularis: the upper part of the spiral ligament of the scala media that contains many small blood vessels

striped; striatal

Hunt's striatal syndrome

striated muscle fiber

rhabdosphincter; striated muscle sphincter: a sphincter made up of striated musculature

striation

striatonigral degeneration

strict

stenosis; stricture; narrowing

stricturotomy

stridor; respiratory sounds

stringency

stroke center

heat stroke, siriasis

stroke; ictus: sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation & movement caused by rupture or obstruction (a clot) of an artery of the brain

stroke-related brain damage

stroke-related tissue destruction

lymphoid stroma

medullary stroma

stroma

stroma of the iris

stromal cell: a large, veil-like cell in the bone marrow

stromareaction; stroma invasion

strongyloidiasis

strophulus; lichen urticatus; papular urticaria

structural

differentiated gene; structural gene; cistron; developmental gene

structured environment

fibrous struma: a goitre with fibrous hyperplasia

struma; thyroid enlargement, goiter, goitre

stubborn; obstinate

comparative study

to have a stuffy or runny nose, to have the sniffles; to be sniffling

to stumble

stupidity

stupor, mental numbness, drowsiness, torpid state of mind

to stutter, to stammer

stuttering, stammering

hordeolum sty (on eyelid)

styloid

stylus; acus

hemostatic; styptic; stopping bleeding

styptics

subacute; somewhat acute

subarachnoid

subarachnoid hemorrhage: hemorrhage within the intracranial or spinal subarachnoid space

subarachnoid space: the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater: here, cerebrospinal fluid circulates through delicate trabeculae of connective tissue

subarachnoid; in the brain

infra-axillary; subaxillary: in the armpit; under the armpit

subcapsular; beneath a tough outer covering

subchondral cysts; solitary bone cysts

subchondral: situated beneath cartilage

subclavian

subclavian artery

subclavian steal syndrome

subclinical immune dysfunction

subclinical infection

subclinical, mild, asymptomatic

subconjunctival apoplexy

subconjunctival; situated beneath the conjunctiva

subconscious; unconscious

focal subcortical heterotopia; laminar heterotopia

subcutaneous cellular tissue

subcutaneous cellulitis

subcutaneous fat

subcutaneous infusion

subcutaneous tissue

subcutaneous wire suture

subcutaneous; below the skin

subdural empyema; subdural abscess

acute subdural hematoma

subdural space

subepithelial connective tissue

(adjective) subintrant

subjective

subliminal

subliminal perception; subliminal stimulation

hypoglossal; sublingual; under the tongue

unilateral subluxation, dislocation

subluxation: abnormal movement of a joint; an incomplete dislocation

submental artery

submental; under the chin

submucosa

bleeding in the submucosa; submucous bleeding

submucous

submucous abscess

oral submucous fibrosis

submucous plexus

submucous resection

suboccipital injection

suboccipital plexus

suboccipital trigeminal rhizotomy; Dandy's operation

subperiosteal abscess

subperiosteal hematoma

subretinal injection

subscapular artery

subscapular bursa

subset; sub-assembly; subsystem

substance

substance abuse detection; testing for illicit drugs

substance abuse, drug abuse; substance-related disorders

substantial equivalence

substitution

substrate specificity

substrate; substance on which an enzyme acts

subtalar

subtalar joint; talocalcaneal joint

subtentorial; infratentorial

subthalamic decussation

subthalamic nuclei

succinate

suxamethonium; succinylcholine: a quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant; succinyldicholine

to succumb to an illness

attempted sucide; parasuicide

sucralfate: a basic aluminum complex of sulfated sucrose

air suction system

suction tube

aspiration; suction; drainage

Sudeck's atrophy; Sudeck's disease

sudorific

suffering from …

to suffocate, to choke; to asphyxiate

blood sugar, glucose

suicidal ideation; contemplating suicide

suicidal tendencies

to commit suicide

suicide

suicide gene

assisted suicide; physician-assisted suicide

protective suit against radiation

sulci, grooves

primary sulcus of the brain; primary fissue

sulcus; groove; furrow

sulfadiazine

silver sulfadiazine:an antibacterial used topically in burn therapy.

sulfamethoxazole: an antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria

sulfasalazine, Salozapyrin; Azulfidine

sulfinic acids: any of the monobasic inorganic or organic acids of sulfur with the general formula RSO(OH)

sulfite reductase hemoprotein

sulfonamides

sulfonilamide, sulfa drug

sulfur dioxide

sulfur, sulphur

Arthrocine; sulindac: a sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic

non-protein sulphhydryl component

sulphite lye; sulfite lye

sulphite waste liquor; sulfite waste liquor (a byproduct of the paper industry)

sulphuric acid; sulfuric acid

sumatriptan succinate; sumatriptan: a serotonin antagonist used in treating migraines

sunburn, solar dermatitis

sunscreen

sunstroke, heliosis; siriasis

DNA supercoiling

superficial

immunoglobulin supergene family

supergene: a group of linked genes mechanically held together on a chromosome & inherited as a unit; a group of linked genes acting as an allelic unit

superinfection; reinfection by the introduction of organisms of the same species as those already causing the infection

optic tectum; superior colliculus

supernatent liquid: the clear liquid formed above a turbid liquor after settling out

supernumerary

supernumerary chromosome

supernumerary ovary

superoxide anion: a free radical in the body, formed in many biological processes

hemocuprein; superoxide dismutase: an oxidoreductase

radical superoxide; superoxide radical: a highly reactive compound produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron

superstitious

supervision

supination; rotating the hand so that the palm faces upward

lying supine; lying face up, lying on one's back; supine position

supplement

medical supplies; pharmaceutical supplies

support; hernial truss, hernia bandage

suppository

to suppress; to curb

cough suppressant, antitussive

appetite suppressant; appetite depressant; anorectic agent

suppressing; suppressive

frameshift suppressor gene; nonsense mutation suppressor gene; suppressor gene; ochre suppressor gene; second-site suppressor; nonsense mutation suppressor gene; ochre suppressor geneamber suppressor gene

tumor suppressor genes; cancer suppressor genes; emerogenes; growth suppressor genes; metastasis suppressor genes; antioncogenes

tumor suppressor proteins; metastasis suppressor proteins

immune suppressor response

suppressor T cell, suppressive lymphocyte, suppressive T cell, suppressor T lymphocyte, T-suppressor cell

abdominal suppuration

discharge; suppuration; discharging pus

supraliminal tonal audiometry

progressive supranuclear palsy; Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome; pseudobulbar paralysis; progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia; Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease

suprapatellar bursa

suprapiriform hernia

inferior suprarenal artery

suprarenal glands

suprascapular artery

supraventricular; above the heart chambers

sural nerve

sural; calf-related

cell surface antigen; hepatitis B surface antigen

surface tension

flight surgeon

orthopedic surgeon

surgeon

surgeon's agaric; amadou

surgeon's gown, operating room gown; surgical gown

surgeon's knot

surgeon's report

invasive surgery

laser surgery

minor surgery

hospital surgery department

surgery, surgical treatment

day surgery; ambulatory surgery; one-day surgery

elective surgery; elective surgical procedure

computer-assisted surgery; image-guided surgery

surgical

absorbable sutures; surgical catgut; catgut suture; absorbable ligature

surgical clamp

surgical equipment

surgical flap

surgical gauze; cheesecloth

surgical hook

surgical instruments

surgical journal

surgical laser

sling; surgical loop; surgical vessel loop

surgical mask

surgical mesh: a woven synthetic fabric of open texture used in surgery for repair, reconstruction or substitution of tissue

surgical microscope; operating microscope

surgery; surgical operation; surgical intervention

(military) surgical orderly; operating-room orderly

surgical preparation; pre-operative treatment

surrogacy

surrogate mother

around; surrounding; encircling

nutritional surveillance

medical surveillance: a periodic in-depth review of a worker's health status; medical control

improved survival period for patients

cell survival rate

overall survival rate

surviving next of kin

long-term survivors

disease susceptibility; morbid constitution; susceptibility to disease

susceptible to ampicillin; sensitive to ampicillin

predisposed; susceptible, at risk

suspenders

suspension: preparation of a finely divided drug incorporated in some suitable liquid vehicle

virus suspension; viral suspension

sustained release drug; timed-release drug

renal suture

suture clip, staple

Blalock suture ligature

suture material; suture kit

disposable suture stapler

disposable suture stapler; surgical stapler

suture techniques

triangular suture; lambdoid suture

wound suture; stitch

to suture; to stitch

sutures

to swallow

swallowing reflex

cold sweat

sweat

sweat glands, perspiratory glands; eccrine glands

(noun) sweat; perspiration; sudor

to sweat; to perspire

sweating

night sweats, nighttime sweating

sweetener; sweetening agent; edulcorant

to swell (from a splinter in finger); to heal over with new skin

infection, rash or swelling attributed to changing temperatures

swelling due to infection

swelling of the foot

swimming

aquarium/ swimming pool granuloma: Localized nodular skin inflammation caused by mycobacterium marinum. May be acquired by work or recreational exposure to salt or fresh water

swine fever vaccine

swine fever; hog cholera (a disease of pigs)

sycosis of the beard, barber's itch

symbiotic

symbiotic bacteria

symbiotic fixation

to symbolize

sympathectomy

sympathetic

sympathetic chain

reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome; complex regional sympathetic dystrophy

sympathetic friend

sympathetic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

sympathetic ophthalmia

sympathetic trunk

blockage of sympathetic trunk; denervation of the sympathetic trunk

excision of sympathetic trunk; resection of the sympathetic trunk

sympathico-vasal attack

sympathetic blockage; sympatholytic agents; sympathetic blocking agents

sympathomimetic

sympathomimetics; sympathomimetic drug; a substance to simulate sympathetic nervous system

sympaticu

symphysis

pubic symphysis; symphysis pubica

(noun) symptom

symptomatic

symptomatic bronchitis

pre-symptomatic screening

a symptomatic virus infection

semiotics; symptomatology; study of symptoms

symptoms

nerve synapse

synaptic

axon terminal; synaptic knob; synaptic bouton; axonal terminal bouton; terminal bouton

synchondrosis

cerebral synchronized sleep; deep sleep

synchronous

syncope

tussive syncope, fainting from a severe coughing spell

vasovagal syncope: a transient vascular & neurogenic reaction marked by pallor, nausea, sweating, bradycardia, and arterial blood pressure drop

syncope; fainting; a temporary suspension of consciousness due to generalized cerebral ischemia

syncytium; coenocyte

syndesmosis

syndrome

traumatic syndrome of asphyxia

superficial synergistic gangrene

synergistic; combined

synergy

syngenic; syngeneic; isologous; isogenic; isogeneic

homoplasty; syngraft; isogenic transplant; isoplastic transplantation

synostosis; synosteosis: union between adjacent bones formed by osseous material

synovial biopsy

subcutaneous synovial bursa

synovial bursa

synovial ganglion; synovial cyst

synovial fluid

synovial fold

synovial hernia

synovial joint

synovial membrane

Birkett synovial protrusion

synovial; secreting a clear sticky lubrication in a joint

malignant synovioma; synovial sarcoma

synovitis; inflammation of a synovial membrane

synovium: joint-lubricating membrane, synovial membrane

glutamate synthase: glutamine ketoglutarate amidotransferase: an enzyme that catalyzes glutamine to form glutamate plus alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of NADPH; ketoglutarate glutamine amidotransferase

synthase; a lyase reaction going in the reverse direction

synthesis; composition

glutamate synthetase; gogat

synthetic gene

syphilis: a sexually transmitted disease peculiar to humans, caused by Treponema Pallidum

syphilitic abscess; gummatous abscess

syphilitic leucoderma of the neck

disposable syringe and needle, single-use hypodermic syringe

hypodermic syringe, hypodermic needle

syringe; syringe needle

Morvan disease; syringomyelia; hydrosyringomyelia

systematic

systemic

systemic exposure

progressive systemic sclerosis

systemic sclerosis

systemic vasculitis

systemic; whole body-related

systole; systolic time interval

an increase in systolic blood pressure

systolic blood pressure

systolic volume; stroke volume

systolic; part of blood pressure reading

T cell, thymus-dependent cell, thymus-dependent lymphocyte, thymus-derived cell, T lymphocyte

tabacco smoking, cigarette smoking; nicotinism; tabacco use

tabes dorsalis; spinal paralysis

chewable tablets

tachistoscope

tachyarrhythmia; irregular heartbeat, beating too fast

ectopic atrial tachycardia

paroxysmal tachycardia

sinus tachycardia

supraventricular tachycardia

ventricular tachycardia

tachycardia

sinus tachycardia

tachycardia; racing heart

tachyphylaxis

tachyphylaxis; rapid immunization

tacrolimus

Protopic; tacrolimus: a macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity

tactile

tagged red cell method

tailbone; coccyx; caudal vertebrae; coccygeal bone

talar trochlea; trochlea tali

talcum powder

garrulous; talkative, loquacious, chatty

talocalcanean joint

talonavicular joint (of the talus & the navicular of the tarsus)

body of talus

head of talus

neck of talus

tamoxifen: an antioestrogen drug that may prevent breast cancer

Bozeman tampon forceps

tampon plugger, swab holder

tampon, Tampax®

cardiac tamponade

tampons

tandem repeat sequences (of DNA); tandem satellites

Tanner's disease; chrome ulceration, chrome ulcer

tannic acid, tannin

sunbathing; tanning, suntan, sun-tan

tantalum

congenital tapetoretinal degeneration; Leber's congenital amaurosis; retinitis pigmentosa; pigmentary retinopathy

tapeworm; cestode

low-tar cigarette

tardy; tardive; late

Mexican hat cell; target cell

target groups

target organ

targeted drug

targeted improvement

tarsal acne; tarsis acne

ankle bones; tarsal bones; cuboid bone; navicular bone of foot; cuneiform bones

tarsal gland; Meibomian gland

tarsal joint; intertarsal joint

tarsal tunnel syndrome; tarsal tunnel entrapment neuropathy

tarsalis

tarsus; tarsal plate

KSbC4H4O7 tartar emetic; antimony-potassium tartrate; potassium bitartrate; a schistosomicide & emetic

tartaric acid

taste buds; gustatory buds

taste disorders

a bad taste in the mouth

taste threshold

sense of taste, gustation

tattoo

Taussig-Bing malformation; Taussig-Bing syndrome; double outlet right ventricle

taxation

cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

T-dependent antigen, thymus dependent antigen

tea tree oil

tea tree oil

teachers

teaching materials

teamwork

tear duct, lacrimal duct

lachrymator gas; tear gas; lachrymatory gas

tear; lacrima

with tears in your eyes

artificial tears, ophthalmic solution; eye drops

teaspoonful: 5 milliliters

technique; method

techniques for breaking bad news

technology

high technology medicinal product

tectorius

tectum

teenage fathers

teenage mothers

teenage parents

unwanted teenage pregnancy

teething, toothing, dentition

tegmen

ventral tegmental area: an area in the mesencephalon where the mesocortical & mesolimbic dopaminergic systems originate

tegmental decussations

tegmentum

teichoic acid: any bacterial polysaccharide that is rich in phosphodiester linkages

teicoplanin; teichomycin: a glycopeptide antibiotic complex

tela

telangiectasia; broken veins; a permanent dilation of existing blood vessels

telangiectatic glioma

telecentric beam projection

Telematics Systems health care

telemedicine: the practice of medicine when doctor & patient are widely separated, using two-way telecommunication by satellite, Internet, or closed-circuit television

telencephalon

television

nagyagite; tellurium: a rare element that is a member of the chalcogen family

terminator; telomere

centromere-telomere translocation

constitution; temperament

body temperature

skin temperature

temperature sense: the sensation of cold, heat, coolness & warmth

template primer

temple

temporal

temporal arteries

giant cell arteritis; temporal arteritis; systemic vasculitis; Arteritis temporalis; Horton's syndrome

temporal bone

temporal lobe

temporal lobe epilepsy

bilateral temporal lobectomy

temporal lobectomy syndrome; temporal lobectomy behavior syndrome

temporal muscle

temporal operculum

temporal resolution; dead time; resolution time

temporali

luxation of the temporomandibular joint

TMJ disorder; temporomandibular joint disorder; temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome; TMD

tempus, t

tendency

TLC; tender loving care

tendineus

extensor tendinitis of the foot

tendinitis; tendonitis; tenositis; inflammation of a tendon

tendon

tendon sheath; synovial sheath

pulled tendon, desmectasia, strained tendon

bicipital tendonitis

tendovaginitis

tenesmus; ineffectual & painful straining at stool or in urination

bulbar capsule; Tenon's capsule

tenosuture; tenorrhaphy; tendon suture

De Quervain's tenosynovitis

tenosynovitis; inflammation of a tendon sheath

to tense up; to stiffen

tense; keyed up, contracted, contorted

tensioactive; affecting surface tension

tension

tension headache

tensor

tensor fasciae latae

(muscle) tensor tympani (tensor tympani & stapedius)

tentorial hernia

tentorium

tenuis

malignant teratoblastoma; embryonal hepatoma; a highly malignant teratoma

teratogen, teratogenic: tending to produce anomalies of formation or teratism

teratogenesis

teratogenic

teratogenic effects

teratogenic; producing fetal abnormality

teratogenicity

teratogens

teratological dislocation of the hip

teratological; related to early fetal development

testicular teratoma

teratoma: a tumor derived from more than one embryonic layer and made up of a heterogeneous mixture of tissues

terbinafine

Bricanyl; terbutaline: a selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic

terfenadine: a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist used to treat seasonal allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria

HPTH; parathormone; teriparatide; human parathyroid hormone: a synthetic polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human parathyroid hormone

term birth; term delivery

terminal

terminal care

terminali

terminati

terminator; terminator regions; stop signal; terminator sequence

terminatorgene

medical terms

tertian fever

test

to test on the animal

testing strip; test strip

test tube

the doctor tested the patient's reflexes

hardened testicle

tumor of the testicle

undescended testicle; cryptorchism: a condition in which one or both testes fail to descend normally

inverted testicle; torsion of the testicle

testicles; didymus; gonads; testes

testicular aplasia; testicular agenesis

testicular artery

testicular biopsy, biopsy of the testicle

testicular cancer: a malignant growth that arises from a glandular cell in the testis

testicular cyst

testicle dermoid; testicular dermoid

testicular ectopy; testicular dystopia

testicular insufficiency

testicular neuralgia

testicular; testicle-related

testing of drugs

testis

testis, testicle, male gonad

testosterone patch; Intrinsa®

testosterone propionate

C19H28O2 testosterone: one of the male sex hormones, or androgens, produced by the testes

tests on animals

test-tube baby

tetanic

tetanus

tetanus antitoxin

tetanus immunoglobulin

clostridial neurotoxin; tetanus toxin; clostridium tetani toxin: the neurotoxin secreted by Clostridium tetani

tetanus toxoid; tetanus vaccine

tetanus vaccine, tetanus shot

tetanus: an acute infectious disease caused by the anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus Clostridium tetani, which most often enters the body through contaminated puncture wounds. Tetanus is often fatal.

tetanus-immunoglobulin

tetanus-prone

tetany; muscle spasms

neural tube defect; tethered cord syndrome; diastematomyelia; exencephaly; myelodysplasia; craniorachischisis

tetrabenazine

tetracaine

tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

tetrachloroethylene

cosyntropin; tetracosactide; tetracosactrin

tetracycline

tetracycline

tetracycline (an antibiotic)

tetracycline resistance

tetracyclines

tetradecanoylphorbol acetate

sodium tetradecyl sulfate

tetrylammonium; tetraethylammonium

tetraethylammonium compounds

tetragastrin: the c-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin

THC; tetrahydrocannabinol

tetrahydrocortisol

tetrahydrocortisone

tetrahymena

tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide

tetramethylphenylenediamine

tetramisole

TNM; tetranitromethane

tetrazoles

tetrazolium salts

fugu toxin; tetrodotoxin; tarichatoxin; the poison of the Japanese puffer fish

posterior thalamic nuclei

thalamus: the chief center in the brain for transmission of sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex

thalassemia; Mediterranean anemia; a form of hemolytic anemia

thalidomide: a sedative drug that produced fetal malformations when taken between 3rd & 5th week of pregnancy; in severe cases complete absence of limbs or much reduced limb development

thallium bromoiodide

thallium scan

thanatology

thanatophoric dysplasia; thanatophoric dwarfism

theca

theca cells; ovarian interstitial cells

thecoma; theca cell tumor; thecal granulosa cell tumor

thenar eminence

theophylline

theophylline: a bronchodilator drug to inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterase; it is often used in conjunction with exogenous dibutyryl cyclic AMP to raise cellular cAMP levels; it stimulates heart rate & increases urine excretion

theoretical

theories

therapeutic

therapeutic dose; curative dose

therapeutic impasse

therapeutic index

therapeutic measures

reiki; therapeutic touch

therapeutic window; therapeutic range

therapist

therapy, treatment

thermal dilution catheter; thermodilution catheter

thermal stress, thermal discomfort; heat stress

thermal; heat related

thermocautery; thermoablation

thermocoagulation

thermogram

thermography

thermolabile

thermolabile antigens

thermolabile enterotoxin; heat-labile enterotoxin

hypothermic thermometer

recording thermometer, temperature recorder, thermograph

clinical thermometer; fever thermometer

thermoregulation; heat regulation

thermostable enterotoxin; heat-stable enterotoxin

calcium thesaurismosis

thesaurismosis; accumulation disease

thêta activity; theta rhythm; thêta wave

thiabendazole; an anthelmintic

Thiacetazona

thiamin hydrochloride

thiamin mononitrate

thiamine, vitamin B1, aneurin

thickening

thigh

C9H9HgNaO2S; thimerosal; Merthiolate; thiomersal; thiomersalate; sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate: a crystalline organic mercurial antiseptic with antifungal and bacteriostatic properties

merthiolate; thimerosal; thiomersalate; thiomersal; sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate

paradoxical thinking

abstract thinking; conceptual thinking

sulfoacid; thioacid; sulfonic acid; an oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical

HSCN; thiocyanic acid; sulfocyanic acid

thioflavine

thiourea; thiocarbamide: a carcinogenic photographic fixative

thoracocentesis; thoracentesis: removing fluid from the chest cavity using a hollow bore needle; pleurocentesis

thoracic

thoracic aorta

rib cage; thoracic cavity

thoracic gas volume

thoracic surgeon

video-assisted thoracic surgery; VATS; an endoscopic surgery of the pleural cavity performed with visualization via video transmission

thoracic sympathetic

transthoracic echography; thoracic ultrasound; transthoracic ultrasonography

thoracic vertebrae

thoracic; chest-related

thoracocentesis; chest aspiration

thoracolumbar

thoracopagus

thoracoplasty: an operation to remove ribs, so as to obliterate the pleural cavity in cases of empyema

double thoracotomy

thoracotomy: a surgical procedure where an incision is made opening the chest cavity

thorax; chest

thorium dioxide

thought disorder, loss of reasoning; thinking disorder; disturbance in the mental process

threonine: hydroxylated polar amino acid

threshold of consciousness

threshold of pain; pain threshold

threshold phenomenon

threshold shift; hearing loss

threshold substance: any material, such as glucose, that is excreted in the urine, when its plasma concentration exceeds a certain value

throat

throat

throat cancer

throat lozenge

throat, front of neck

sore throat; pharyngitis; angina

to throb

throbbing headache

a throbbing, stabbing pain

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: a congenital platelet functional defect that results in prolonged bleeding time, the absence of aggregation of platelets, and impaired or absent clot retraction

thrombo-asthenia; thrombasthenia: defective platelet aggregation

thrombectomy: a procedure to remove a clot (a thrombus)

thrombin time

thrombin: protease generated in blood clotting that acts on fibrinogen to produce fibrin

thromboangiitis obliterans

antibody thrombocytopenia

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; H.I.T.

thrombocytopenia; low blood platelet count; a decrease in the number of blood platelets

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

thrombocytosis; increased platelets in the blood

thromboembolism; blood clotting

thrombolysis: reabsorption of blood clots into bloodstream

therapeutic thrombolysis; thrombolytic therapy; using thrombolytic agents to dissolve blood clots to re-establish blood flow through occluded vessels; fibrinolytic therapy

thrombolytic; dissolving blood clots, dissolving a thrombus

thrombophilia; hypercoagulability

thrombophlebitis; the inflammation of a vein with formation of a thrombus

tissue thromboplastin

MGDF factor; thrombopoietin; MPL ligand; megakaryocyte growth and development factor; TPO

capillary thrombosis

pulmonary thrombosis

thrombosis in the carotid arteries

thrombosis: the forming of a blood clot in the circulatory system; the presence of a thrombus

deep vein thrombosis; DVT; deep venous thrombosis

cerebral thrombosis; intracranial thrombosis; thrombosis of the cerebral veins

thrombotest; prothrombin time

thromboxane A2: an unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane b2

thromboxanes: active compounds in the body formed from prostaglandin endoperoxides; causes platelet aggregation & contraction of arteries

ball thrombus

red thrombus: a thrombus formed rapidly by the coagulation of stagnating blood, composed mainly of red blood cells rather than platelets

thrombus; a blood clot which forms inside of a blood vessel

fibrinous thrombus; fibrin clot; white clot

agglutination thrombus; red thrombus

thumb

thylakoid

laryngismus; thymic asthma; phrenoglottic spasm; Kopp's asthma; spasm of the larynx

graft of thymic cells

thymus hormones; thymic hormones

thymic tissue

thymicolymphatic diathesis; status thymicolymphaticus

thymidine

thymidine kinase: a viral enzyme

thymidine phosphorylase

thymidylate synthetase: an enzyme of the transferase class

thymine; thymin

thymoma

thymus dependent

thymic hormone; thymus hormone

thymus; thymus gland

thymus-independent antigens

thyrocalcitonin

tetraiodothyronine; thyroglobulin: a protein found in thyroid tissue, that binds thyroxine

thyroid adenoma; papillomatous goiter

radiation-induced thyroid cancer

thyroid cancer

thyroid cartilage

thyroid diseases

thyroid disorders

thyroid dysfunction

thyroid function tests

thyroid functioning; thyroid function

desiccated thyroid gland

thyroid gland

plasma thyroid hormone

diiodotyrosine receptors; thyroid hormone receptors beta; thyroid hormone: high affinity receptors for thyroid hormones, especially triiodothyronine

thyroid hormones

thyroid hormones

thyroid neoplasms

thyroid scan; scanning of the thyroid gland; thyroid scintigraphy

thyroid stimulating hormone testing

long-acting thyroid stimulator; LATS

thyroid-blocking agent

thyroidectomy

thyroideu

autoimmune thyroiditis

Hashimoto thyroiditis

subacute thyroiditis

suppurative thyroiditis

thyroiditis

Riedel's thyroiditis; iron-hard tumor: a rare fibrous induration of the thyroid gland

thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins

thyrostatic antithyroid product

thyrotoxicosis; overactive thryoid

thyrotropin receptors: thyroid stimulating hormone receptors: cell surface proteins that bind pituitary thyrotropin & trigger intracellular changes of the target cells

TSH; thyrotropin, thyroid stimulating hormone: a polypeptide hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates & regulates the development and secretions of the thyroid gland

T4 thyroid hormone; thyroxine; levothyroxine; thryroid hormone; levothyrox

thyroxine-binding globulins

anterior tibial artery

tibial nerve

tibial neuropathy

tibialis

upper tibiofibular joint

tibiofibular ligament

tibionavicular part of the deltoid ligament

tic: a local & habitual twitch of a muscle, especially in the face

tick

tick fever; tick-bite fever; American fever; recurrent fever; mountain fever

tick-borne disease

to tickle

to have a tickle in one's throat; to have an irritation of the throat

ticlopidine; ticlopidin: an inhibitor of platelet aggregation

tidal volume; respiratory volume

tightness

tilt table, standing board

timetable; schedule

timolol: a beta-blocker

homeopathic tincture

tinea barbae; barber's itch; sycosis of the beard; impetigo sycosiformis

favus; tinea favosa; honeycomb ringworm: a fungal scalp disease

tinea pedis; a fungal foot infection

to tingle, to prickle

to itch; to tingle; to have pins & needles

tingling, prickling

tinnitus; ringing in the ears

exhausting; tiresome; arduous; strenuous; tiring

soft tissue

tissue acidosis

tissue bank: a place for acquiring, characterizing & storing organs or tissue for future use

tissue culture

Carrel tissue culture flask

tissue distribution

tissue engineering: generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs

tissue expanders: inflatable reservoirs, made of silicone, which are implanted subcutaneously in order to generate tissue needed for surgical reconstruction

tissue harvesting

tissue preservation

tissue replacement

tissue specific expression

titanium dioxide: a compound that catalyzes the production of oxydizing molecules

titre; concentration of a substance in solution

poisonous toadstool

tobacco use; tobacco consumption

smokeless tobacco; chewing tobacco

tobramycin; mebramycin factor 6

tocolysis: inhibition, stopping or delaying of labor

tocolytic

tocolytic agent: uterine contraction inhibitor; a drug that relaxes smooth muscles and therefore interferes with uterine contractions

tocopherol, vitamin E, an antioxidant

tot; toddler

little toe

toe

big toe; hallux

ingrown toenail

toilet facilities

toilet of small intestine

toilet paper; toilet tissue

toilet soap; a bar of soap

toilet training; potty training

toilet; water closet; W.C.; lavatory

tolbutamide: pill to lower blood sugars

tolerability

tolerance to stress

tolerance, threshold

tolerant

tolerogen: an antigen used to introduce tolerance; a tolerogenic antigen

tolnaftate: a synthetic antifungal agent

tolonium chloride; toluidine blue

tolterodine

toluidine

toluidine red

computed tomographic colonography

horizontal tomography

x-ray computed tomography

CAT scan, tomography; CT scanning; computerized tomographic scanning; computer axial tomography

emission-computed "tomography; PET scan; radionuclide-computed tomography; positron-emission tomography"

muscle tone, tension, tonus, tonicity, state of tension

tongue

tongue depressor

to stick one's tongue out

(noun) tonic

tonic

tetanic contraction; tonic contraction

tonic pupil; Adie's pupil

tonography

corneal tonometry: a procedure to measure the fluid pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure)

tonography; tonometry: the measurement of ocular tension with a tonometer

tonsil

tonsillectomy

acute tonsillitis

toxic tonsillitis

tonsillitis

to have tonsillitis or a sore throat

follicular tonsillitis; lacunar tonsillitis; cryptic tonsillitis

tonsils

artificial tooth

tooth

tooth abrasion

movement of tooth; tooth migration

broken-off tooth, stump of a tooth

toothache; odontodynia, dentalgia

toothbrush

dentifrice; toothpaste

tophus; gout

topical application; topical administration

topical availability

topical corticosteroid

topical; applied to the surface; localized

topiramate: an anti-seizure drug that may also help alcoholics to quit drinking. Topiramate may be an effective treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy

DNA topoisomerase: an enzyme that regulates DNA topology by breaking, relaxing, passing & rejoining strands of DNA in cells

torsion of the testicle

torsion; twisting, torque

torso; trunk

torticollis; twisting of head and neck; stiff neck

totipotent stem cell

sense of touch, tactile perception

touchy, irritable, thin-skinned, short-tempered

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; a combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder

tourniquet

Esmarch tourniquet; Esmarch Bandage

pregnancy toxemia

blood toxemia, blood poisoning

toxic

toxic gas, toxic gases; noxious gases

toxic hepatitis

toxic hepatitis-nephritis due to carbon tetrachloride exposure

toxic if inhaled or swallowed

a toxic response by sex and dose

non-toxic, nontoxic; non-poisonous

acute toxicity

toxicity test

toxicity; being poison

toxicodermatitis

toxicological; poison study-related

genetic toxicology

toxicology

toxicology

respiratory toxicology; inhalation toxicology

toxicomania (see addiction)

toxicosis; systemic poisoning

toxin

toxin; poison

toxocariasis: infection by roundworms of the genus toxocara

anatoxin; toxoid; anaphylactogen: a modified protein endotoxin that has lost its toxicity but retained its specific antigenticity

toxoplasma

cerebral toxoplasmosis

toxoplasmosis; a blood infection caused by a protozoan found in cat feces & in pork

toxoplasmotic adenopathy

toys

T-Phages

trabecula

"follicular adenoma; trabecular adenoma; basal cell adenoma; microcystic adenoma: a benign epithelial tumor

trabecular carcinoma; Merkel cell carcinoma

trabecular meshwork: a porous structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber in the eyeball

trabecular vein

trabecular; trabeculate

trachea; windpipe

tracheal

double tracheal cannula

tracheal cartilage

tracheal swab

tracheal ventilation tube

tracheitis; bronchitis

trachelectomy; cervicectomy: surgical excision of the uterine cervix

tracheomalacia

sleeved tracheostomy tube

tracheotomy, tracheostomy

trachoma; an infection of the conjunctiva and cornea caused by chlamydia trachomatis

traction apparatus, traction device

a traction appliance for straightening the fingers

traction; extension treatment, orthopedic traction

trade unions

African traditional medicine

traditions

automobile accident; traffic accident; car crash

tragus

training

character trait; characteristic

tranquilizer; sedative

tranquilizers

TAR sequence; trans-acting responsive sequence; TAR nucleotide sequence

tat gene; transactivator gene

transaminase; subclass of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of an amino group from a donor (an amino acid) to an acceptor (2 keto acid) in a cyclic process using pyridoxal phosphate as cofactor

reverse transcriptase; RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

medical transcription

transcription factor

transcription initiation site

genetic transcription; gene transcription

reverse transcription; RNA-directed DNA synthesis

trans-activation; transcriptional activation

transcriptional gene silencing

transcriptional silencer elements: nucleic acid sequences involved in the negative regulation of transcription by chromatin silencing

TENS: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

transcutaneous; through the unbroken skin, as in absorption

transdermal patch

transdermal; through the skin

transduction

signal transduction; signal pathways

transfection: the uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells; the process by which exogenous DNA is introduced into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells

transfer (noun)

adaptor RNA; transfer RNA; dictionary RNA: tRNA: RNA containing 70-90 nucleotides, that binds a specific amino acid & transfers it to the ribosomes for incorporation into a polypeptide chain

transferase: any enzyme that transfers a specific grouping from one molecule to another

iron-bearing transferrin; siderophilin: serum beta-globulin that binds & transports iron

bacterial transformation

transformation

polyomavirus transforming antigens

platelet transfusion

transfusion

TTV; transfusion-transmitted virus; TT virus

transgenesis; transgenosis

transgenetics

transgenic animal; a genetically modified animal; a genetically engineered animal

transgenic mouse

transgenic organism: an organism that has had genes from another organism put into its genome through recombinant DNA techniques

transhepatic drainage; transhepatic ring catheterization

transients and migrants

intestinal transit; colon transit

transition mutation: a base-pair substitution mutation caused by the substitution of one purine-pyrimidine base pair for another, e.g.A-T for G-C or G-C for A-T

transition tumor

symptomatic transitory psychotic syndrome

transitory; brief

translating

genetic translation

translation

translational retroregulation

translations

bacterial translocation

translocation multivalent

translocation of chromosomes

gene translocation; translocation of a gene

percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PCTA

disease transmissible by blood transfusion

serious transmissible disease

transmissible enteritis of turkeys

transmissible gastroenteritis virus

transmission

hereditary transmission of blood-group

synaptic transmission of excitation

transmission of infection

perinatal transmission, vertical transmission; mother-to-child transmission

transneuronal degeneration

transparency; translucence

transparent

transpeptidase

transpiration efficiency

transplacental; diaplacental

organ transplanation

transplanation, transplant, grafting

liver transplant

heart transplant; heart transplantation

heart-lung transplant; multiorgan transplant

tissue transplantation

transplantation

transport

patient transport; ambulance service

transposition

transposon

transposon; jumping gene: a transposable element especially when it contains genetic material controlling functions not to its relocation

transrectal ultrasound; transrectal prostate ultrasound study; transrectal prostate ultrasound; transrectal prostate ultrasonography

transsexuality

transthoracic pressure

TTA; transtracheal aspiration; transtracheal needle aspiration

transudate

transurethral

turp; TURP; transurethral resection of prostate: resection of the prostate using a cystoscope passed through the urethra

transurethral; through the urine tube

trans-vaginal ultrasound

transvalvular hernia

transvers

tranylcypromine: an MOA inhibitor

trapetzoi

trapezius muscle

trauma centers

trauma medicine

trauma severity indices

acoustic trauma, hearing injury, trauma from acoustic overload

physical trauma; injury

strain trauma; sprain

multiple traumas; multiple injuries

traumatic

traumatic fever, wound fever

traumatic shock

post-traumatic stress syndrome

traumatology

trazodone: an oral antidepressant, a triazolopyridine derivative

treadmill

treatable; curable, tractable

non-treatable; untreatable; incurable; irremediable

method of treatment

drug clinic; treatment center for drug users; outpatient clinic for drug addicts

treatment failure

to provide treatment for drug addicts & alcoholics

long-term treatment of diabetes

radiology treatment plan

treatment plan

goals of treatment; aims of treatment

outcome of treatment; therapeutic outcome; treatment effectiveness; clinical outcome; rehabilitation outcome

to tremble; to shake; to shiver; to quiver

cerebellar tremor

tremor of hands, unsteady hands, trembling of hands

tremor; the shakes

tremorine

Trendelenburg position: lying with the head lower than the rest of the body; head-down tilt

Trendelenburg's test

trepanation, craniotomy; trephination

Treponema pallidum immobilization test; Nelson-Mayer test

treponema pallidum: the spiral-shaped bacteria that causes syphyllis

treponematosis; treponemal infection

treponemes; Treponema

triacetyloleandomycin; troleandomycin

triamcinolone

triamcinolone acetonide

triamcinolone acetonide

triamcinolone: a glucocorticoid; a synthetic corticosteroid used as an anti-inflammatory

triangula

triazine

triazines

triceps muscle

triceps surae muscle

trichinella

trichinella spiralis: an intestinal roundworm

free of trichinella; not infested with trichinella worms or spores

trichinosis

ClCH=CCl2; trichloroethylene

trichomonas infection; trichomoniasis: genital infection with a species of protozoan of the genus Trichomonas

vaginal trichomoniasis; trichomonal vaginitis; trichomoniasis of the vagina; Trichomonas vaginalis infection

tricuspid valve (between right atrium & right ventricle of heart)

tricuspid valve atresia; tricuspid atresia

tricuspid insufficiency; tricuspid valve insufficiency; tricuspid valvular incompetence; tricuspid valve incompetence; tricuspid incompetency

tricuspid valve stenosis: a pathologic narrowing of the opening of the tricuspid valve

tricyclic

tricyclic antidepressant; a drug used to treat depression; tricyclic compound

tridihexethyl chloride; tridihexethyl iodide

C18H19F3N2S; triflupromazine: a phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent or as an antiemetic

trifocal lens

5th cranial nerve; trigeminal nerve; trifacial nerve

prosopalgia; trigeminal neuralgia; tic douloureux: an intense paroxysmal neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve; a rare, intense pain on only one side of the face

trigeminus

to trigger an asthma attack

myofascial trigger points

trigger area; trigger zone; dolorogenic zone

trigger; eliciting factor

neutral fat; triglyceride; a lipid composed of one molecule of glycerol & three molecules of fatty acids; triglycerides are widespread in adipose tissue, and commonly circulate in the blood in the form of lipoproteins

trigonum

C20H31NO trihexyphenidyl; benzhexol

Hamolsky tri-iodothyronine test

triiodothyronine; tri-iodothyronine, triiodothyronine; a hormone

trimegestone

alimemazine; trimeprazine: a phenothiazine derivative used as an antipruritic

second trimester of pregnancy: period of pregnancy from the 15th through the 28th completed week of gestation

third trimester of pregnancy: period of pregnancy from the 29th through the 42nd completed week of gestation

trimethoprim

Eusaprim; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination; TMP-SMZ

triplet repeat expansion; trinucleotide repeat expansion; trinucleotide expansion; expansion of a triplet sequence

triose phosphate isomerase: an enzyme that catalyses the con-version of of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, its positional isomer

triple X syndrome; superfemale syndrome

triploid: having 3 chromosome sets

triploidy

trismus; motor disturbance of the trigeminal nerve, especially spasm of the jaw muscles, with difficulty in opening the mouth, an early symptom of tetanus or "lockjaw"

trisomic: a person with Down syndrome

trisomy: having an extra chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell

triteceus

trivalent; with a valence of three

Cushing trocar

greater trochanter

troche: a circular tablet

trochlea

trochlear

fourth cranial nerve; trochlear nerve

trochlear nucleus

Troglitazone: a synthetic version of the hormone 15d-PGJ2 which signals muscles to burn fat rather than sugars

trophic; nutrition-related; nutritional

trophism

trophoderm; trophoblast: outer layer of the blastocyst, which supplies nutrition to the embryo, facilitates implantation by eroding away the tissues of the endometrium during ovum implantation & later combines with mesoderm

malignant trophoblastic neoplasm; placental-site trophoblastic tumor; trophoblastic neoplasia; MTN; gestational trophoblastic neoplasm

disseminated trophoneurosis; primary systemic sclerosis; scleroderma; dermatosclerosis

tropical diseases

troponin: a complex of globular muscle proteins in skeletal muscle that inhibits contraction by blocking the interaction of actin and myosin

trough; nadir

truancy

trypanosome; a protozoan blood parasite that causes African sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis

South American trypanosomiasis

African trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness, African sleeping sickness

trypsin inhibitors

trypsin: a serine endopeptidase formed from trypsinogen in the pancreas

trypsinogen: the inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas

tryptic

tryptophan

tsetse fly

Japanese river fever; Tsutsugamushi disease; scrub typhus: an acute infectious disease of eastern and southeastern Asia, India, & northern Australia

salpingemphraxis; tubal obstruction

tubal occlusion

tube

tubercle

medial tubercle of the calcaneum

dissection tubercles; dissection tuberculoma

tubercular; nodular

liquid tuberculin

lyophilized tuberculin

tuberculin patch test; Vollmer's test

positive tuberculin reaction

intradermal tuberculin test

tuberculin test; Mantoux test; tuberculin skin test

routine tuberculin testing

tuberculine; tuberculin: a protein extracted from boiled culture of tubercle bacilli

tuberculin-tested milk

tuberculin-type hypersensitivity; tuberculin-type allergy; tuberculosis sensitivity

cerebral tuberculoma; intracranial tuberculoma: a tumor-like but non-neoplastic mass in the brain; a well-circumscribed mass of tuberculous granulation tissue in the brain

gastrointestinal tuberculosis

pulmonary tuberculosis

skin lesion of tuberculosis

tuberculosis

adnexal tuberculosis

tuberculosis vaccine

inhalation tuberculosis; airborne tuberculosis

lymph node tuberculosis; scrofula; tuberculous lymphadenitis; lymphoid tuberculosis; scrofuloderma

male genital tuberculosis; tuberculosis of the penis

pleural tuberculosis; tuberculous pleurisy

tuberculostatic; anti-TB drug

tuberculous abscess

tuberosity

tuberous angioma

tuberous chorditis

epiloia; tuberous sclerosis; Bourneville's disease, hypertrophic tuberous cerebrosclerosis; Bourneville phakomatosis

tubular

renal tubular acidosis

tubular gauze

tubular necrosis: structural changes of the small urine leads of the kidney tissue

tubular obstruction

tubule; small tube

tubulin: an abundant cytoplasmic protein

acute tubulo-interstitial nephropathy

tuft of hair

tularemia, rabbit fever, glandular fever, deer fly fever

Francisella tularensis, Pasteurella tularensis

tumefaction; swelling

tumor in the armpit

tumor infiltrating lymphocyte; tumor-derived activated cell

tumor marker

biological tumor markers

tumor necrosis factor

tumor nodule

tumor stem cells

TSG, tumor suppressor gene

tumor; neoplasm; blastoma

inducing tumor; tumorigenic; oncogenic; carcinogenic

Ti plasmid; tumor-inducing plasmid

tumorous

tumorous involution

tumor-specific antigens

tunica adventitia; tunica externa

tunica intima: the thin inner lining of blood vessels, consisting of endothelial cells

tuning fork

tunneling

turbidimetry; nephelometry

ethmoidal turbinal body; ethmoturbinal: the superior and middle nasal conchae

(adjective) turbinal; tubinate

turbinate bones

turbinate cell

turgor

gonodal aplasis; ovarian dwarfism; ovarian short stature syndrome Turner's syndrome; Bonnevie-Ullrich syndrome; gonadal dysgenesis XO; monosomy X; Turner-Ullrich syndrome: a rare genetic disorder in women, characterized by the absence of an X chromosome

turnover, renewal, rotation, renewal

turpentine: a concrete oleoresin obtained from pine trees

arterial tweezers

depilating tweezers

tweezers

(adjective) twin; double; dual

twisted ankle; sprained ankle

muscle twitch; quiver; muscle twitching; tic

to twitch; to jerk; to have a twitch

tympanic crest; sheath of styloid process

otitis media; tympanitis; myringitis

tympanogram

tympanomastoid fissure

tympanotomy tubule

acoustic impedance tests; tympanotomy; myringotomy; tympanocentesis

tympanotomy; myringotomy; tympanocentesis

tympanum; eardrum and middle ear cavity

tyndalization: a low-temperature method of sterilizing

type A behavior

type B behavior

bacterial type I DNA topoisomerases

type of prosthesis

typhoid fever; typhus fever; enteric fever

Hashimoto tyroiditis; autoimmune thyroiditis

tyrosine kinase

tyrosine: a non-essential amino acid

tyrosinosis; tyrosinemia; a chronic deficiency of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase activity in the liver

ubiquinone; coenzyme Q

ubiquitin: a highly conserved 76 amino acid-protein found in all eukaryotic cells

ubiquitous molecule

ulcer

ulcer of the small intestine

gastric ulcer: a hole in the stomach lining corroded by acidic digestive juices

peptic ulcer; stomach ulcer

endocarditis necroticans; ulcerated endocarditis; bacterial endocarditis

ulceration

ulceration of anastomosis

hemorrhagic rectocolitis; ulcerative colitis: inflammation of the colon & rectum

ulcerocarcinoma

ulcerogenic; leading to the production of ulcers

ulcus cruris; foot ulcer

ulna

ulnar artery

ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

ulnar nerve compression syndrome; cubital tunnel syndrome; ulnar nerve entrapment

ulnar; cubital

ultracentrifuge

percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy

Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator

ultrasonic therapy: using focused, high-frequency sound waves to produce localized hyperthermia

ultrasonogram; sonogram; echogram

interventional ultrasonography

ocular ultrasonography

endovascular ultrasonography; endovascular ultrasound

cardiac ultrasound

ultrasound examination

ultrasound examination of the salivary glands

ultrasound scanning; ultrasonography

renal ultrasound; renal ultrasonography

ultrasound; sonography

obstetrical ultrasound; ultrasound of an unborn child; fetal echography

ultrastructure

UVB radiation; ultraviolet B radiation; biologically active ultraviolet radiation; UVB

ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy

solar ultraviolet radiation having biological effects

ultraviolet radiation; UV

para-umbilical

umbilical artery

compression of the umbilical cord

insertion of the umbilical cord

umbilical cord

cordocentesis; umbilical cord puncture; umbilical cord blood transplantation

umbilical erysipelas

umbilical fold

umbilical hernia; omphalocele

umbilical region

umbilical ring: the aperture in the abdominal wall through which the umbilical cord reaches the fetus

umbilical scissors

intact; unaffected; natural; undisturbed

unbearable pain

unbearable; intolerable

to unzip; to unbutton; to unbuckle

uncarthrosis

uncinate epilepsy; uncinate fit; uncinate seizure: a partial seizure with alterations of the olfactory sense such as unpleasant smells

unconscious

fainting; unconsciousness; loss of consciousness; syncope

uncooperative

uncoordinated

uncus

undercooked

underdiagnosed and undertreated

underdiagnosis and undertreatment

underpants; undershorts

underprivileged; low-income

undershirt; T-shirt

underwear; underclothes

underweight; skinny; too thin

undifferentiated leukemia

to undress; to take off one's clothes; to get undressed

unemployment

unlucky; unfavorable; defective, degenerative; ill-fated

unhealthy; harmful to your health

unhurt

constant; uniform (adjective)

unilateral; one-sided

unique number

unique sequence

unit dose; a single dose

unnatural

unprofessional; contrary to professional ethics

unresponsive

insanitary; unsanitary; unhealthy; unclean

unsaturated dietary fats

poly-unsaturated fatty acids

unspecified

unstable

Lundborg-Unverricht syndrome; Unverricht-Lundborg syndrome; Baltic myoclonus; Mediterranean myoclonic epilepsy; Unverricht-Lundborg-Lafora disease

unwanted child

unwanted pregnancy

to feel unwell; to be ill; to feel queasy; to feel sick

upper extremities

upper limbs

an upset stomach

to feel upset; to be angry

uptake; absorbing; retention

urachal cyst; umbilical cyst

urachus: a cord or band of fibrous tissue extending from the bladder to the umbilicus

C4H4N2O2 ; uracil: the pyrimidine base from which uridine is derived; one of the four nucleotides in RNA

urban environment; urban zone

urea: a compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids

urease: an enzyme that breaks urea down into carbon dioxide and ammonia

uremia; kidney failure

uremic colitis

uremic coma

uremic dyspnea

ureter

Brenner ureter cystoscope

ureter: the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

ureteral calculus

ureteral neoplasm; ureteral cancer

ureteral catheter; ureteral probe

indwelling ureteral catheterism; long-term urinary catheterization

ureteral duplication; ureteral bifidy

ureteral dystopia

ureteral fistula

ureteral obstruction

ureteral resection

ureteral tract

uretero-enteric anastomosis

urethane; ethyl carbamate

urethra

urethral catheter; urinary catheter; a cather for draining the bladder

urethral diseases

urethral cancer; urethral neoplasm; urethral carcinoma

urethral stricture

para-urethritis

urethritis; an inflammation or infection of the urethra

urge to evacuate rectum or bladder; tenesmus

urinary urgency (to urinate); needing to go to the toilet

fecal urgency; rectal urgency

uric acid

uricosuric; a drug to promote uric acid excretion

uridine: ribonucleoside formed when ribose & uracil combine

urinal (in men's room)

urinanalysis; urinalysis

urinary

aplasia of the urinary bladder

urinary discomfort

urinary infection

urinary output; diuresis; passing urine

urinary retention

genito-urinary surgery; urological surgery; urogenital surgery

urinary system

upper urinary tract

urinary tract disease

urinary tract infection; dysuria with dribbling

urinary; urine-related

to urinate; to piss; to pee

urination; micturition; pissing

cloudy urine

urine degradation; ureal degradation

urine specimen; sample

urine test; drug screening

kidney tubules; uriniferous tubules; nephrons

urobilin: a brown bile pigment formed from urobilinogen & found in small amounts in feces and in urine

UBG; urobilinogen: a colorless compound formed in the intestines by the reduction of bilirubin

urodynamic examination

urodynamics: the dynamics of the propulsion and flow of urine in the urinary tract

urogenital diseases

urogenital system: all of the organs involved in reproduction and the formation and release of urine

urogenital; urinary and genital apparatus-related

retrograde urography; cystoscopic urography; ascending urography; retrograde ureteropyelography

intravenous urography; excretory urography; intravenous pyelography

excretory urography; intravenous pyelography; intravenous urography

urography; x-ray of the urinary tract

urokinase: an enzyme produced in the kidney that activates plasminogen, and that is used to dissolve blood clots

urophilia; urolagnia: sexual arousal from urination

urologist

urology

uropoiesis; secretion of urine

uroporphyrin

allergic urticaria

effort urticaria

bullous mastocytosis; urticaria pigmentosa: diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis: the most common form of mastocytosis

urticaria; hives

urushiol: an oily toxic irritant present in poison ivy

extra-uterine

intra-uterine

intra-uterine asphyxia; fetal distress

uterine colic

labor; uterine contractions; myometrial contractions; labor during pregnancy

uterine dilator

uterine fibroma; uterine fibroid

uterine hyperkinesia

idiopathic uterine hypertrophy

uterine lining; uterine wall

uterine perforation

hysterorrhexis; uterine rupture; metrorrhexis

uterine syringe

uterus; womb

utricle (of the inner ear)

uvea

uveitis; an inflammation of the uvea; the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye; commonly involving the sclera; cornea and retina as well

uvula

to vaccinate; to inoculate; to give a vaccination

BCG vaccination

routine vaccination

a vaccination keloid; postvaccinal pseudokeloid

primary vaccination; first vaccination

vaccination; immunization

emergency vaccination; ring vaccination

mumps vaccine

recombinant vaccine

univalent vaccine

vaccine

vaccine based on recombinant DNA

attenuated vaccine; attenuated-virus vaccine

oral vaccine; edible vaccine

inactivated vaccine; killed vaccine

vaccinia: the cutaneous & occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox vaccine

vacuolation; the formation of vacuoles

contractile vacuole

vacuole

central vacuum cleaner system; suction air conveyor for waste; pneumatic disposal unit; cleaning aspirator

sucker; vacuum cleaner; suction device;

vagal; nerve-related

vagina

vaginal

vaginal canal; vulvouterine canal

vaginal cuff; fornix of vagina; the portion of the vaginal vault remaining open to the peritoneum following a hysterectomy

vaginal douche

vaginal dryness

vaginal insert; vaginal suppository; ovule

vaginal jelly

vaginal opening; orifice of vagina

vaginal plexus

Nuvaring; vaginal ring

vaginal secretion

vaginal speculum

cervical-vaginal swab; vaginal smear

vaginal tablet

vaginal spasm; vaginismus

vaginitis; colpitis: inflammation of the vaginal mucosa resulting from infection with Candida, Trichomonas or Gardnerella vaginalis

granular vaginitis; nodular vaginitis; infectious vaginitis; granular venereal disease (of cows!)

colpomycosis; vaginomycosis; vaginal yeast infection

vaginoperitoneal hydrocele

bacterial vaginosis; non-specific vaginitis: polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli

vagolytic (adjective)

vagotomy: surgical division of the vagus nerve

vagotonia; a nerve complaint

diseases of the 10th cranial nerve; vagus nerve diseases; vagus nerve sensory disorder; disorders of the pneumogastric nerve

vagus nerve; pneumogastric nerve; tenth cranial nerve

valerian herb tea

surgeon's opoponax; valerian; allheal: a root used in medicine as an antispasmodic

internal validity

validity study

validity: (of a test)

validity; reliability

valine: an essential amino acid

valinomycin: a cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus.

Valium; Ativan; Deracyn; Xanax; Rivotril (all are benzodiazepine)

divalproex; valproic acid; dipropyl acetate: a fatty acid with anticonvulsant action

Valsalva's maneuver: forced expiratory effort against a closed airway; used to study cardiovascular effects of increased peripheral venous pressure & decreased cardiac filling and output

values

valvule; small valve

pulmonary valvuloplasty; pulmonic valvuloplasty

valvulotomy

vancomycin: an antibacterial agent obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide that's toxic to kidneys & the inner ear

vandalism

Vaquez-Osler disease; Vaquez's disease; polycythemia vera: a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume

variability

variable external influences

variable gene; V gene

deviation; variance

variation

varicella vaccine; chicken pox vaccine

varicella; chicken pox

varicella-zoster virus

varicelliform diphtheria

varicocele: an abnormal dilatation and tortuosity of the veins of the pampiniform plexus

varicosclerosation

varicose

varicose veins

varicosity; varicose condition

variegation

varix; varicose veins

ampolla of the vas deferens

vas deferens; sperm duct

vascular axes of great blood vessels

vascular capacitance: the relationship between the volume of blood in a blood vessel and the pressure distending the vascular walls over a range of pressures & volumes

vascular collapse

vascular diseases

vascular headache; vascular cephalgia

vascular patency; vascular permeability

vascular resistance

vasospasm; vascular spasm; angiohypotonia; angiospasm

spider nevus; vascular spider; arterial spider; spider angiomata; nevus arachnoides

vascular graft; vascular substitute

vascular surgery

vascular system

vascular volume; blood volume

vascular; blood vessel-related

vascularity: blood supply of a tumor

vascularization

vasculitis; an inflammation of blood vessels

vasectomy

vaseline; petroleum jelly

vasoactive intestinal peptide: a highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa

vasoactive; affecting blood vessels; vasomotor

arterial vasoconstriction

vasoconstriction; narrowing of the small arteries, venoconstriction

vasoconstrictive agents; vasoconstrictors

peripheral vasodilatation

vasodilatation murmur, ejection click

vasodilaton; vasodilatation; widening of the blood vessels; arteriectasis; vasorelaxation

vasodilator

vasofunctional hematuria

vasomotor ataxia

vasomotor rhinitis

vasomotor; blood flow-related, affecting the diameter of a vessel

vasoparalysis

vasopressin, adiuretin

vasopressor; substance affecting blood flow

vasospasm of cerebral blood vessels; intracranial vasospasm

vasovasostomy

vastus medialis muscle

vector

disease vector, carrier of infection

germ vector, germ carrier, disease carrier, carrier of infection

VCG; vectorcardiogram; vector electrocardiogram

polarcardiography; vectorcardiograph; vectorcardiography

vegetables

vegetarianism; vegetarian diet

vegetarian nutrition

vegetative reflex

persistent vegetative state; coma vigil

vegetative; without consciousness; in a coma

vehicle; base

vein

venous vessels; veins

velopharyngeal insufficiency

vena cava compression syndrome

vena cava infundibulum

male venereal disease; genital disease; sexually transmitted disease in men

female venereal disease; genital disease; sexually transmitted disease in women

s.t.d.; venereal disease; sexually transmitted disease, STD

venereal; sexually transmitted

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the etiologic agent of encephalomyelitis in humans and equines

venogram; venography; phlebography

snake venom

venombin: a thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of snakes of the viper/rattlesnake group

VOD; veno-occlusive disease: a disease that may occur following high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation, in which the blood vessels that carry blood through the liver become swollen and clogged

venous admixture; veno-arterial shunting

venous blood; deoxygenated blood

venous congestion

venous insufficiency: inadequacy of the venous valves & impairment of venous return

venous occlusion

prostatic venous plexus

rectal venous plexus

venous return: the return of blood to the heart

venous spaces of corpora cavernosa (in the penis); venous spaces of corpus spongiosum

venous; vein-related

artificially ventilated

pulmonary ventilation

liquid ventilation: artificial respiration using an oxygenated fluid; liquid breathing

ventilation; breathing

ventilation-perfusion ratio

mechanical ventilator (respirator), breathing appliance

laparocele; ventral hernia; spigelian hernia

ventral; belly-related

ventricle (of heart)

lateral ventricle: a cavity in each cerebral hemisphere, derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube

ventricular aneurysm

left ventricular assist device; LVAD

ventricular complex

premature ventricular contraction, PVC, premature heartbeat; ventricular premature complex; ventricular extrasystole

ventricular depolarization

ventricular ectopy; ventricular ectopia

left ventricular extrasystole

left ventricular failure; left ventricular dysfunction

ventricular flutter; ventricular fibrillation

left ventricular hypertrophy

ventricular pressure

ventricular remodeling

ventricular response

ventricular septal defect

ventricular septum

ventricular; heart chamber-related

ventriculogram; ventriculography; pneumoencephalography

cerebral ventriculography

radionuclide ventriculography

ventriculostomy: surgical creation of an opening in a cerebral ventricle

verification of hemostasis

inferior vermis syndrome

verrucoid nevus; nevus verrucosus; cellular nevus; nevocytic nevus

vertebra (plural: vertebrae)

vertebrae

cleft of vertebral arches; fissure of vertebral arches

vertebral artery dissection

vertebral artery: paired arteries which supply the muscles of the neck, spinal cord and cerebellum

vertebral; vertebra-related

basilar artery stenosis; vertebrobasilar syndrome; vertebrobasilar ischemia; vertebrobasilar insufficiency: a reduction in blood flow through the vertebrobasilar arterial system, which supplies the brain stem; basilar artery thrombosis

crown; vertex; apex

vertigo; dizziness, fear of heights

vesical

vesical adenoma

vesical atrophy

bladder fistula; vesical fistula; urinary fistula

vesicle; cyst, pouch; blister

vesico-uterine ligaments

metastasizing vesicular mole

vesicular mole, hydatid mole

vesicular: having vesicles

vesicular; of small bladders or blisters

seminal vesiculitis; spermatocystitis

vesiculobullous skin diseases

blood vessels

vestibular

vestibular ataxia

superior root of the vestibular cochlear nerve

crossed vestibular dysreflexia; crossed vestibular nystagmus; nystagmic predominance; Vogel's phenomenon

labial embrasure vestibular embrasure; labial vestibule

vestibular nerve

vestibular neuritis

vestibular nuclei

vestibular root of the vestibulocochlear nerve

vestibular; inside ear related

bulb of vestibule

vestibule: the tral cavity of the bony labyrinth of the ear

vestibulocochlear nerve diseases

vestibulocochlear nerve; acoustic nerve

vestibulo-ocular reflex

vestibulospinal tract: a somatopically organized fibre bundle originating in the lateral vestibular nucleus and descending uncrossed into the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord lateral to the anterior median fissure

vestige

rudimentary; vestigial: greatly reduced from the original ancestral form & no longer functional

veterinarian; vet

veterinary medicine: the medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis & treatment of diseases in animals

worry, vexation, irritation, annoyance

viable

vial; small bottle

victim of a disaster; victim of an accident; casualty

victim of an accident at work; injured worker

video monitor; video display; cathode ray screen; CRT display; monitor

video surgery; videosurgery; video-assisted surgery

Vienna paste

vigilance

multiple villous adenoma

villous arthritis

villous carcinoma, villosum carcinoma, villous tumor

vinca alkaloids, periwinkle alkaloids

vinorelbine

violence

virago; masculine woman; bull dyke

viral

viral binding inhibitor

viral DNA; integrated retroviral DNA; provirus

viral infection

viral infection of the skin and mucous membranes

viral interference

average viral load

viral burden; viral load: measurable level of virus in the blood, measured in plasma, used as a surrogate marker in HIV disease

decline in viral load; reduction in viral load

viral packaging; virus assembly: assembly of viral capsid proteins and nucleic acid to form a virion

virus particle; viral particle, virion: the infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos

viral protein, virion protein

viral RNA uncoating; stripping of viral RNA

viral vector

viral-capsid antigen; core antigen

viremia: the presence of viruses in the blood

virgin

(adjective) virginal; virgin

masculine virile hyperoestrogenism

virile, manly; strong, vigorous, sturdy, robust

virilization; virilism; masculinity

virilization; masculinization

VIF gene; virion infectivity factor gene

virion: a complete, mature, infectious virus particle; a single, structurally complete, mature virus

virology laboratory

virological test; virology workup; virological examination

virulence: ability of a pathogenic organism to cause disease

virulent strain (of an infectious organism such as virus or bacteria)

virus induction; virus activation; prophage excision; prophage induction; viral activation

virus free

virus receptor; virus receptors; phage receptors: specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus

virus-receptor interaction

visceral pleura; pulmonary pleura

visceral; relating to an organ in the chest area

visceroptosis: a downward displacement of the abdominal viscera

blood viscosity, thickening of blood

viscosity; thickness of a liquid

vision

vision chart, eye chart

blurred vision, blurry vision

visual

visual cortex

visual cue: a visible stimulus to which an individual may respond

people with visual disabilities

visual disturbance; defective vision

visual impairment

visual memory

visually evoked potentials

person with a visual impairment; visually impaired person; visually handicapped person

rehabilitation of visually impaired persons

visually handicapped; visually impaired; partially sighted; legally blind

vital organ

vitality

vitamin A; retinol

vitamin B1; thiamine

C-avitaminosis; vitamin C deficiency

C6H8O6 vitamin C, ascorbic acid,

rachitis; vitamin D deficiency; rickets

vitamin D; calciferol

phylloquinone; vitamin K1; phytonadione; phytomenadione

vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor

vitamine D3

vitamins

vitelline duct; umbilical duct

vitelline membrane

vitiligo: a skin disorder with blotchy white patches in the skin caused by the loss of pigment-producing cells

vitrectomy: removal of all or part of the vitreous body

vitreous detachment; ablation of vitreum

vitreous; glassy

in vitro fertilization

in vitro penetration assay

in vitro; in a test tube

vitronectin: a blood plasma glycoprotein

in vivo; in the living body

vocal

laryngoplegia; vocal cord paralysis; laryngeal paralysis; paralysis of the vocal cords

true vocal cord; vocal fold

vocal cords

vocal fremitus; pectoral fremitus

processus vocalis; vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage

vocalization

vocational retraining

vocational education; vocational training

voice synthesis; text-to-speech synthesis; speech generation

voice therapy, rehabilitation of the voice

volatile

Volkmann's canals

volume deficiency collapse, hypovolaemic shock

minute volume ventilatory; maximum breathing capacity per minute

titration; volumetric analysis

maximum voluntary ventilation, MVV, maximum breathing capacity, MBC

voluntary; volunteer

to volunteer

(noun) volunteer (a person)

NGOs; volunteer organizations

volunteer work

hospital volunteers

volunteer workers; volunteers; unpaid workers

to vomit, throw up, be sick

vomit, vomitus

vomiting reflex

VPX gene

vulnerability

vulnerable

at-risk group; vulnerable group

vulva; pudenda

vulval; vaginal, vagina-related

vulvitis

vulvovaginitis; vaginal inflammation


urachus; wachal fold; middle umbilical fold

cotton wadding impregnated with iodine

cotton wads impregnated with methylsalicylate

waist

waiting area

waiting list

doctor's waiting room

to walk on tiptoes

walker

walk-in clinic (no appointment needed)

tandem walking; walking by putting one foot directly in front of the other, heel to toe

walking on one's heels, pes calcaneus

walking; taking a walk

wall of the intestine

gastric wall; wall of the stomach

descending degeneration; wallerian degeneration; secondary degeneration

war victims

warble tumor

germ warfare, biological warfare

warfarin: a synthetic inhibitor of prothrombin activation which inhibits blood clotting

an early warning sign of cancer

warning; caution label

plantar wart

common wart; verruca vulgaris

washcloth; bath mitt

inert waste

refuse disposal; waste disposal

conduit of waste in enclosed piping

waste recycling

waste; discharge; trash

hospital waste; infectious waste; medical waste

hazardous waste; toxic waste

wastewater; sewage; effluents

Erb-Landouzy disease; wasting paralysis; wasting palsy; muscular atrophy; idiopathic muscular atrophy; myodystrophia

wasting syndrome

water

water pollution

boiling water; scalding hot water

labeled water; water containing a radioactive isotope

water-borne disease

watershed

watershed infarct; watershed infarction; boundary zone infarction

watery; diluted

effective wavelength; equivalent wavelength

systemic weakness

weakness

weaning, end of breast feeding, ablaction

to wear glasses

segmentectomy; wedge resection; Bichlmayr wedge-shaped resection

to lose weight

weight gain

weight training; weight lifting; training with weights

weight loss, slimming

to gain weight, put on weight

weight-bearing

microgravity; weightlessness; zero gravity

Weil-Felix reaction

Weil-Felix test

leptospiral jaundice; Weil's disease; infectious icterus; a highly infectious disease caused by spirochetal bacteria

welfare state

welfare, well-being

welfare; income support; aid to dependant families; financial aid

social welfare; social insurance

get well soon!

well-being; comfort

wellness; being well

welt (on the skin); weal

Werner's syndrome; adult progeria

wettability

electric wheelchair

wheelchair

wheelchair user

collapsible wheelchair; folding wheelchair

wheelchair-bound

to wheeze

wheezing; whistling

whiner; crybaby

ill-behaved; whining; fussy; obstreperous; unruly; rambunctious

whiplash injury; hyperextension of the neck

Whipple's disease

hot whirlpool bath; jacuzzi, hot tub

egg white (used in Mexican home remedies)

differential white blood cell count, leukogram; leukocyte count; CD count; WBC,

white blood cell; leukocyte

doctor's white coat

white matter of the cerebellum; substantia alba: the part of the brain that contains myelinated nerve fibers & appears white

white mouse; white mice

whitish; off-white in color

whitlow, felon, abscess of the fingertip; panaritium

attack of whooping cough; coughing fit

whooping cough; pertussis

widow / widower

living will: an advance medical directive that preserves a person's right to accept or reject any medical treatment even after he or she becomes mentally or physically incapacitated

von Willebrand disease; von Willebrand syndrome: a coagulation disorder caused by lack of or non functional Von Willebrand Factor

von Willebrand factor; antihemophilic factor

Williams-Beuren syndrome; elfin face syndrom

willingness to pay

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma; Wilms's tumor; embryonal carcinosarcoma; embryoma of kidney; embryonal nephroma Birch-Hirschfeld tumor; nephroblastoma

window; fenestra

windpipe; trachea

to wipe oneself (after going to the bathroom)

to wipe, to clean

alcohol wipe; moist towelette with alcohol

Hammond wire-arch splint (braces on the teeth)

wisdom tooth; dens serotinus

Aldrich's syndrome; Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

witch Hazel; hamamelis

to withdraw the claim

alcohol withdrawal delirium; alcohol delirium; delirium tremens

withdrawal, pulling out

drug withdrawal; going cold turkey; substance withdrawal syndrome

to withstand; to tolerate; to stand it

wobbly knees

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

womb; uterus

women

battered women's shelter

work addiction; workaholism

work environment

to work out, to exercise

to work up

workaholic; work addict

Division of Workers' Compensation

workers' compensation, workmen's compensation

working conditions

a workout; fitness training

workplace hazard

workplace health promotion

diagnostic workup

workup: an intense diagnostic study

WHO; World Health Organization

wormwood; absinth

a turn for the worse; worsening; deterioration

feelings of worthlessness, feelings of inadequacy; lack of self-esteem

to be worthwhile

puncture wound

wound and bladder syringe; Janet syringe

wound closure; closing the wound

unmedicated wound dressing

postoperative wound infection; post-op infection of a surgical wound

wound swab

gunshot wound, in abdomen

gunshot wound; bullet wound

wound; cut, gash, sore

stab wound; knife wound

exit wound; of gunshot wound

healing wound; swelling due to foreign body, such as a splinter (Mexican concept)

to dress a wound; to bandage a wound

to wound; to injure

bite wound; wound caused by a bite

anti-wrinkle

wrinkled, wrinkly

cuneiform cartilage; Wrisberg's cartilage

wrist

carpal luxation; wrist luxation; radiocarpal-joint luxation

compliant wrist; flexible wrist

fragile X syndrome: a frequent genetic cause of mental retardation; Martin-Bell syndrome

xanthelasma

xanthine oxidase: an iron-molybdenum flavoprotein containing flavin-adenine dinucleotide that oxidizes hypoxanthine

C5H4N4O2 xanthine: a purine base found in body tissues, certain plants, and in urinary calculi

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: an obstructive pyelonephritis associated with Proteus infection; an inflammatory condition of the kidney

xanthoma; fatty skin tumor

cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

xanthomatosis corneae; dystrophia adiposa corneae; steatosis corneae

xanthopsia; yellow vision

xenobiotic

xenobiotic substance; xenobiotic compound; xenobiotics

xenodiagnosis

heterogenous; xenogenic; heterologous; heteroplastic; heterospecific

heterogenous graft; xenograft; heterologous transplant; xenotransplant; tissue taken from another species, treated and implanted

xenon poisoning; xenon effect; xenon poisoning effect

xenophobic

xenotransplant; xenotransplantation; xenograft; heterotransplantation

xeromammography; breast xeroradioscopy

xerophthalmia; dry eyes

xerostomia; dry mouth

xiphoid cartilage

x-linked mental retardation

x-ray fluorescence

x-rays

x-rays which produce an average specific ionization of 100 ion pairs per micron of water

chest x-rays; x-rays of lungs or heart; thoracic imaging; thorax imaging; chest scan

X-scanning

C16H24N2 xylometazoline: a sympathomimetic agent used as a nasal decongestant

xyster, raspatory; rugina; a surgical instrument like a rasp used long ago in osteotomy

to yawn

convulsive yawn, chasma; yawning

parangi; yaws; framboesia; Breda's disease; Charlouis' disease; zymotic papilloma

YAC, yeast artificial chromosome: in molecular biology, a vector system that allows extremely large segments of DNA to be cloned

vaginal yeast infection (Candida); yeast vaginitis, colpomycosis

Y-scanning

yttrium, a chemical element

AZT; zalcitabine; 2',3'-dideoxycytidine; dideoxycitidine

zeaxanthin, E161h: a carotinoid found in sweet corn, egg yolk etc, used as a coloring agent

zeta potential; electrokinetic potential

zinc

zinc acetate

zinc shakes; zinc chills; zinc disease, zinc oxide chills, zinc fume fever

zinc finger

zinc isotopes

zinc oxide bandage

zinc oxide paste

ZnO; zinc oxide: a mild astringent with some antiseptic effect; used in pastes, bandages, ointments, and sunblocks

zinc sulphate; zinc sulfate

Zinsser-Castaneda vaccine

zoledronic acid; Zometa; a biophosphonate

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

zolpidem: a sleeping pill

zona reticularis:

zonula; zonule; zonule of Zinn; ciliary zonule

zoonosis: diseases communicable from vertebrate animals to humans; epizootic

zootechnical additive

zootechnical treatment

zootherapy; pet therapy

zwitterion; amphoteric ion; zwitter ion; hybrid ion; dipolar ion

facet joints; zygapophyseal joints; interarticular joints

zygoma; the jugal, malar, cheek bone, zygomatic bone

zygomatic arch: arch of bone beneath the eye; the union of the malar, or jugal, with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

zygomatic process of the frontal bone

zygote, fertilized ovum; the cell resulting from the union of a male and a female gamete

zygotene

zygotic

post-zygotic exclusion

pre-zygotic exclusion

zygotic induction: the lytic development of a prophage upon its transfer into a recipient cell which lacks the same

zygotic lethal gene: a gene that is fatal for the zygote

zymogen; proenzyme

zymogenic bacteria

zymosis: the process of fermentation

zymotic disease

zymotic: pertaining to fermentation



The above list (shortened entries with text formatting removed) represents about 41% of the English only-keywords
(version of July, 2004). · . Copyright® 2002-2010 by André Fairchild

This list (this sample page) was excerpted from the large (and still-growing), seven-language Biomedical-Technical Dictionary/Thesaurus by André Fairchild

A lot of work over nine years has gone into the making of this. Many online samples and subsets are available.
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Price for the complete, seven-language Medical Technical Dictionary/Thesaurus is US$135.

Price for a complete, eight-language Medical-Technical Dictionary/Thesaurus is US$145.

As of February 5, 2010, our master biomedical-technical database includes over 37,900 detailed entries in nine languages, including updated versions of the entries you see above.

Any complete bilingual subset (in Excel) of this Biomedical-Technical database is still available for US$85 per biomedical dictionary.
A complete trilingual subset of this Biomedical-Technical database is still available for US$95.
See detailed information and additional samples at http://www.geocities.com/med_dictionary/compiling.htm
or at http://www.interfold.com/translator/compiling.htm


Click HERE to see another large Sample or subset of (an older version of) Andre's large Biomedical-Technical Dictionary/Thesaurus in English, French, Dutch & German ONLY: 4,310 entries, from abarticular gout to enzymic synthesis. (Please be patient, this large spreadsheet may take one full minute to load on your computer. If your computer does not have Excel, QuattroPro, MS Works, or a similar spreadsheet program, it may not load at all.

Click here to return to André's Biomedical Dictionaries Portal with links to over 2,100 free biomedical dictionaries, web sites and medical glossaries in 23 languages.

You can support this research by offering corrections, purchasing a subset of the big biomedical dictionary database, or by referring suitable work to its author.

This web site (except for sample content above) was last updated in January, 2010. Above prices are valid through the 5th of March, 2010.


On October 26, 2009, ALL GeoCities web sites DISAPPEARED from the Web, and you will no longer be able to access any of the GeoCities web sites that once existed.